위험거버넌스에서 불확실성거버넌스로의 전환에 관한 연구 = A Study on the Shift from Risk Governance to Uncertainty Governance

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There might be fundamental changes in the characteristics and process of governance depending on which one is taken as the subject of control between uncertainty and risk. In this study, we propose the need for a shift to the new type of governance from risk governance. Risk governance, defined as the risk policy-making mechanism, is designed to overcome the limitations of expert-led risk management, which cannot properly respond to new risk issues, such as mad cow disease (MCD) and GM crops, which have uncontrollable uncertainties. As risk management policies failed frequently, and in turn social conflicts became bigger, risk governance appeared as an alternative. It pursues the participation of concerned parties and democratic risk policy-making structure based on their reflexivity. However, in this study, we try to focus on the fact that risk is the outcome of modernity having the knowledge and statistical techniques of science & technology and experts’ view from the perspective of Science and Technology Studies(STS). We find out and analyze some limitations of risk governance, and suggest uncertainty governance as an alternative of it. Then, we summarize composition principles of uncertainty governance by three key concepts: engagement, openness, and flexibility.FANSWPDMLTLR

국문 초록 (Abstract)

불확실성과 위험 중 무엇을 통제대상으로 삼느냐에 따라 거버넌스의 성격과 과정 자체에 근본적 변화를 가져올 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 위험거버넌스의 특징과 한계를 분석하고, 불확실성을 중심으로 한 새로운 불확실성거버넌스로의 전환을 제안하였다. 위험거버넌스는 통제 불가능한 불확실성을 내재한 광우병과 같은 새로운 위험문제에 대응하지 못하는 전문가 중심의 위험관리의 한계를 뛰어넘고자 등장한 위험정책 결정 메커니즘이다. 위험거버넌스는 반복되는 위험관리 정책의 실패와 사회적 갈등 증폭을 타개하고자 다양한 이해관계를 가진 관련 행위자의 참여와 이들의 성찰성에 기반한 민주적인 위험정책 결정구조를 지향한다. 그러나 본 연구는 과학기술학(STS)의 관점에서 위험(risk)이 과학기술의 지식과 통계적 기법, 전문가의 관점이 배태되어 있는 근대의 산물이라는 점에 주목하고, 위험거버넌스의 대표적인 접근법인 성찰적 위험거버넌스를 중심으로 위험거버넌스의 한계를 분석하였다. 그리고 위험거버넌스의 대안으로 불확실성거버넌스를 제시하고 관여와 개방성, 유연성 등의 세 가지 개념을 중심으로 그 구성원리를 정리하였다.

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