The first-ever Ghost Road Monument for Nam-myeong Jo Sik was set up around 1617 and its epitaph was composed by a literary man named Jeong In-hong who was taught under Jo and carved by Bae Dae-yu a literary man taught under Jeong In-hong. This monume...
The first-ever Ghost Road Monument for Nam-myeong Jo Sik was set up around 1617 and its epitaph was composed by a literary man named Jeong In-hong who was taught under Jo and carved by Bae Dae-yu a literary man taught under Jeong In-hong. This monument was eliminated after 1623 when Jeong In-hong was executed as a rebellious subject during the enthronement of King In-jo. Apparently it was demolished because it was composed by a rebellious subject named Jeong In-hong but, in fact, it was removed since it was a writing which implicitly criticizes Toe-gye.
The monument could be set up since Nam-myeong was appointed to the prime minister in 1615 and Jeong In-hong was the leader among literary men of Nam-myeong.
Jeong In-hong supposed that, in the presence of his literary men, Toe-gye had often criticized Nam-myeong by means of a letter or dialogue and that, consequently, Nam-myeong was not enshrined at a Confucian shrine. So, in return, In-hong often tried to criticize Toe-gye by means of writings, of which at least 7 was extant when In-hong composed this epitaph which may be the finest example of the criticisms.
Being convinced that the gravestone inscription composed by Dae-gok is what best describes the life of Nam-myeong, in this Ghost Road Monument Epitaph, In-hong just elaborates to explain that only the learning of Nam-myeong is the orthodox principles of Confucianism and that Toe-gye’s criticism against Nam-myeong was wrong.
Such an intention of Jeong In-hong is explicitly expressed in a solution to the epilogue insomuch as In-hong as a pupil of Nam-myeong could not allow the academic learning of his teacher to be slandered. Being so much assured that it was his duty to treat his master in a proper and righteous manner, In-hong did not hesitate to boldly criticize Toe-gye who was considered the greatest scholar in those times.
His attempt of such a kind resulted in a failure firstly because Jeong In-hong had never been appointed to a government official during the rule of Prince Gwang-hae but remained to be just a so-called senior minister living in the woods and remotely controlling the government and because his endeavor was intricately interconnected with the political situations at the time of enthronement of King In-jo and secondly because In-hong could not overpower the strongest influence of Toe-gye which had been long exerted at that time.
After the enthronement of King In-jo, due to which Jeong In-hong was reduced to a political failure, most of literary men of Nam-myeong or the posterity of literary men of Jeong In-hong gradually turned to be sided with the clique called “the people of the south” or the clique called “the people of the west.” Yet, for more than 400 years, many people have followed the spirit of Nam-myeong in Jinju and other regions in the western part of South Gyeongsang Province, which fact clearly indicates that the academic influence of Nam-myeong has not been simply meager. In this sense, the present author believes that Jeong In-hong has some sense of prophecy since the last part of the Ghost Road Monument Epitaph for Nam-myeong mentions ‘the solar light over a dark road.’