고통의 철학과 심리학 = Philosophy and Psychology of Pain

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문에서 필자는 고통의 철학적 (존재론적) 본성과 심리학적 특징들을 논한다. 필자는 고통을 현상적 속성으로 규정하고 그 인지심리적 그리고 신경과학적 특징들이 어떤 철학적 함축을 가지는 지를 이 논문에서 고찰해 보았다. 첫째, 고통은 현상적 속성이다. 그 본질과 현상이 분명히 구분되는 물의 경우와 다르게 고통은 현상(고통의 지각이나 경험)이 그 본성과 밀접한 관계를 갖는 속성이다. 이런 이유로 인하여, 고통의 심리학이 고통에 관한 철학적 (존재론적 혹은 본성적) 논의에서 중요하게 된다. 둘째, 고통에는 통증과 아픔이라는 부분적으로 상호 연결되어 있으나 근본적으로는 전혀 다른 과정들이 있다. 셋째, 타인의 고통을 지각하는 방식은 계산적 정보 처리의 지각과정이 아니라 체화된 공감의 시뮬레이션 과정이다. 이러한 공감 과정은 사회적 인지와 도덕적 동기화(공감과 배려의 동기)와도 밀접하게 연결된다. 이 논문의 후반부에서는 이러한 고통의 본성과 고통의 지각에 관한 철학적, 인지과학적 논의를 바탕으로 두 가지 실천적 함의가 논의된다. 첫째, 타인의 고통에 대한 체화된 공감 과정은 도덕 발달과 도덕 교육에 중요한 역할을 한다. 둘째, 고통의 본성을 잘 이해하는 것은 고통에 관한 사회 문화적 특징들이나 형법이나 배상적 정의에 관련된 정책을 이해하고 발전시키는 데 도움이 될 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper, I will discuss pain’s ontological nature and psychological features. First, pain is a phenomenological property. Pain experience or pain perception is intrinsically related to the essential nature of pain. For this reason, psychology of pain is critically linked to philosophical discussion of pain. Second, pain has two dimensions: feeling pain (pain sensation) and having pain (pain emotion) are two overlapping and interacting yet psychologically distinct and dissociable processes. Third, perception of others’ pain, according many studies in psychology and neuroscience, includes the embodied empathic processes of social and moral cognition. Pain is not a simple sensory process of bodily injury or damage: experience and perception of pain include embodied simulation, social and moral cognition. Based on my philosophical and psychological analysis of pain, I will also discuss the two following points. Embodied and empathic processes of pain play important roles in moral development and moral education. Understanding psychological and phenomenological nature of pain can help us develop or modify legal and social policies, particularly policies regarding punishment and criminal justice.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 요약
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 고통의 본성에 관한 철학적 논의
• Ⅲ. 고통에 관한 경험과학의 연구
• Ⅳ. 고통의 철학적 함의
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

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