The political economy of democratic decentralization

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Abstract = ⅶ
• Foreword = ⅸ
• Acknowledgements = ⅹ
• Introduction = 1
• PARTⅠ Defining Terms = 4
• Types = 4
• Forms of Democratic Decentralization = 8
• Levels = 10
• PARTⅡ The Problem of Hubris : Regimes' Centralizing Tendencies and Earlier Experiments with Decentralization = 13
• The Age of Hubris = 13
• The Unraveling = 23
• PARTⅢ Explaning the Latest Wave of Decentralizations = 26
• Diverse Causes = 27
• Mixed Motives = 36
• Linking the Origins, Institutionalization, and Implications of Decentralization = 40
• PARTⅣ Politics. State-Society Relations, and Decentralization = 53
• Conditions for Success, Crucial and Merely Helpful = 55
• Unfounded Assertions about "Preconditions" for Successful Decentralization = 57
• Importance of Historical Legacies = 58
• Virtues of Simplicity = 59
• Jealousy of Power Holders at Higher Levels = 60
• Other Reasons for Intrusions from Higher Levels = 61
• Mistakes at Higher Levels = 62
• Giving Central Governments More Creative Roles in Making Decentralization Work Well = 63
• The Danger of Inflating Popular Expectations = 65
• Attracting Responsible Leaders and Combating Clientelism = 65
• Fing Line between Clientelism and More Creative, Institutionalized Main Concerns = 67
• Deconcentration and Devolution-Problem of Sequencing = 67
• Decentralization and Fiscal Discipline = 68
• Local Resource Mobilization and the Reluctance of Politicians at Lower Levels to Impose Fresh Taxes = 69
• Do Not Expect Rural Taxpayers to Vote with Their Feet = 70
• Grants from Above Do Not Necessarily Imply Control = 71
• Decentralized Authorities' Bias towards Small-Scale Infrastructure Projects = 71
• Decentralized Authorities ' Foreshortened Time Perspective = 72
• Need for Patience with Elected Representatives and Voters in Newly Democratized Systems = 72
• Decentralizing in Uncongenial Social Cotexts = 73
• Decentralization as an Agent of Social Change = 73
• Transparency : Not and Unmixed Blessing = 74
• Political Parties and Decentralized Bodies = 75
• Popular Pressure for Decentralization = 76
• Devices to Compel Elected Representatives to Engage with People at the Grass Roots = 77
• Utility of Participatory Rural Appraisal Techniques = 78
• PARTⅤ Assessing Decentralization to the Regional as well as the Local Level = 81
• The Greater Complexity and Cost of Decentralization to Both Regional and Local Levels = 81
• Bridging the Distance between Central and Local Levels = 81
• Which Responsibilities Should be Decentralized to Which Levels? = 82
• Protecting Decentralization from the Jealousy of Higher Level Leaders = 82
• Enhancing the Influence of Decentralized Bodies in National Politics = 83
• Ensuring Poor, Remote Regions of Fairer Representation in National Politics = 83
• Facilitating Local Authorities' Access to Administrative Resources at the Regional Level = 83
• Enhancing Coordination of Development Administrators from Different Line Ministries = 83
• Facilitating Complex Development Projects = 84
• Facilitating Scaling Up from the Local Level = 84
• Facilitating the Upward Flow if Information from the Local Level and the Responsiveness of Central Government = 84
• Enhancing the Accountability and Responsiveness of Regional-Level Bureaucrats = 84
• Facilitating Poverty Alleviation and Fairness for Minorities = 85
• Facilitating Fairness to Women = 85
• Easing the Problem of the Foreshortened Time Perspective of Local-Level Politicians = 85
• Facilitating Collaboration between Nongovernmental Organizations and Decentralized Authorities = 85
• Integrating the Efforts of Local-Level Voluntary Associations = 85
• Overcoming Authoritarian Enclaves = 86
• Facilitating the Integration of Local-Level Politicians into National Politics = 86
• Facilitating the Integration of Competing Political Parties into Decentralized Institutions = 86
• Combating Urban Bias = 86
• PARTⅥ How Promising is Decentralization for Rural Development = 88
• Where Decentralization Has Considerable Promise = 88
• Where Decentralization Has at Least Modest Promise = 94
• Where Decentralization Has Little Promise = 107
• Summary = 118
• References = 121
• Index = 130