Regional Cooperation of NOWPAP MERRAC against marine litter from sea-based activities in the Northwest Pacific region

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The marine litter generated as by-products of human activities and economic development enters to the sea through rivers or stream indirectly, and through sea-based activities directly. It is commonly comprised of materials that degrade very slowly, such as various plastic products, polystyrene, glass, rubber, metal, wood, derelict fishing nets, wire, rope and so on. Such litter is found in the water column and on the seafloor as well as coastal areas in the Northwest Pacific region. It causes injury or death of human and other living organisms and also accident or damage of the vessel. It is not only a problem of country but also regional and/or global problem because it is transported by currents and winds from one country to another. In this regard, Northwest Pacific Action Plan (NOWPAP) Marine Litter Activity (MALITA) project had been carried out during 2006-2007 biennium and NOWPAP Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter (RAP MALI) has been also continuously implemented in the 2008-2009 biennium as next phase step of MALlTA. MERRAC, one of four Regional Activity Centres (RACs) of NOWPAP, has developed monitoring guidelines, sectoral guidelines, and brochures related to sea-based marine litter and port reception facilities and services through MALITA project. Based upon these output, MERRAC will continuously implement relevant activities of RAP MALI in order to help to establish and improve a regional mechanism to deal with the sea-based marine litter problem. This paper aims to introduce MERRAC activities under MALITA and RAP MALI, and to suggest several recommendations to reduce marine litter in the NOWPAP region.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 CEARAC, "What can we do about marine litter?"

2 MERRAC, "The 1st NOWPAP Workshop on Marine Litter" 2006

3 MERRAC, "Sectoral Guidelines for the Marine Litter Management: Recreational Activities"

4 MERRAC, "Sectoral Guidelines for the Marine Litter Management: Passenger Ships"

5 MERRAC, "Sectoral Guidelines for the Marine Litter Management: Fishing"

6 MERRAC, "Sectoral Guidelines for the Marine Litter Management: Commercial Shipping"

7 MERRAC, "Sea-based Marine Litter: Problem & Solution"

8 UNEP, "Report of Twelfth Intergovernmental meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Xiamen, the People’s Republic of China" UNEP/NOWPAP IG 23-25, 2007

9 UNEP, "Report of Tenth Intergovernmental meeting on the Northwest Pacific Action Plan" UNEP/NOWPAP IG. 24-26, 2005

10 MERRAC, "Report of 9th NOWPAP MERRAC Focal Points Meeting" 5-7, 2006

11 MERRAC, "Report of 10th NOWPAP MERRAC Focal Points Meeting & 2nd Competent National Authorities Meeting" 2007

12 MERRAC, "Regional Report on Sea-based Marine Litter"

13 NOWPAP, "Regional Overview on Marine Litter in the NOWPAP Region second edition"

14 DINRAC, "Regional Overview on Legal Instruments, Institutional Arrangements and Programmes Related to Marine Litter in the NOWPAP Region"

15 NOWPAP, "Regional Action Plan on Marine Litter"

16 Laist, David W, "Overview of the biological effects of lost and discarded plastic debris in the marine environment" 18 (18): 319-326, 1987

17 NOWPAP, "Marine litter, growing threat to marine environment"

18 UNEP, "Marine Litter an analytical overview"

19 CEARAC, "Marine Litter Guidelines for Tourists and Tour Operators in Marine and Coastal Areas" 2007

20 Galgani, F, "Litter on the Sea Floor Along European Coasts" 40 (40): 516-527, 2000

21 MERRAC, "Guidelines for Providing and Improving Port Reception Facilities and Services for Ship-Generated Marine Litter in the Northwest Pacific Region"

22 MERRAC, "Guidelines for Monitoring Marine Litter on the Seabed in the Northwest Pacific Region"

23 CEARAC, "Guidelines for Monitoring Marine Litter on the Beaches and Shorelines of the Northwest Pacific Region" 2007

24 Brown, J, "Ghost fishing in European waters: Impacts and management responses, Marine Policy" 31 (31): 488-504, 2007

25 IMO, "Comprehensive Manual on Port Reception Facilities"