프리다 칼로의 회화에 나타난 부정적 아니무스에 관한 연구 = A Study on Negative Animus in Pictures of Frida Kahlo

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Among the works of artists are those which touch our hearts without any particular reasons. It can be said that Frida Kahlo works belong to them. Why are our hearts touched by her works? It is, perhaps, because our unconsciousness is influenced by some elements inherent in them. What, then, is the unconsciousness? According to Carl Gustav lung, 'the unconsciousness is the depths of our minds that we all possess, but do not yet know of.' Are the unknown depths all understandable? To some extent, our experiences might render them so. Yet it is impossible to explain or to understand every aspect of them. In his studies of the unconsciousness explored by Sigmund Freud, lung maintains that the unconsciousness-that is, a sphere of our minds that we are unconscious of-comes from individuals' life experiences. He also maintains that the individual unconsciousness exists which is connected with each individual's own life, and so do basic and universal elements, in a deeper depth, which every man has, regardless of the differences of culture, race, the spirit of the times, or geographical condition. lung calls the depth consisting of these elements the collective unconsciousness. The individual unconsciousness is what matters to the individual life, whereas the collective unconsciousness is the sum total and accumulation of what mankind have repeatedly experienced throughout their history. Thus, lung thinks that the collective unconsciousness, a potential energy far anterior to the individual life, is bestowed upon human beings at the time when they are brought into the world. The collective unconsciousness is the root of the mind, and is like a seed in which lies the possibility of every creation and destruction. lung names many transcendental conditions with this possibility the archetype.
In his observations of people's dreams and fantasies, Jung has discovered a mythical element which is repeated, in the same way, in the dreams and fantasies of people of different races and of various cultural and religious backgrounds. He has found that not only does this element appear in patients' experiences of their diseases-like in their fantasies, delusions or abnormal actions, in healthy people's dreams, and in thoughts of primitive men or children, but also it appears in dogmas or religious manners of higher religions, in the works of poets and artists, and in folk beliefs (Buyoung Lee, 『Analytic psychology』, Seoul Iljogak, 1978/1995, pp. 41-112). When prior conditions for the types of actions, which are all possessed by ancient and modern people as well as Western, Eastern and African people, are observed with the images that we can recognize, we call them archetypal images, which are found in dreams, folktales, myths, religious phenomena, spirits and works of artists, pathological phenomena, and so on. From studying the meaning of the archetypal images, we are able to infer the basic conditions for human actions behind it. It can safely be said that Frida Kahlo has transformed into her works all the things that have confronted her. Probably, in them lie the aspects of the collective unconsciousness including those of the individual unconsciousness. It seems that, as her life suggests, Frida Kahlo, without evading any hardships in her life, has expressed in her works all the things on which she has worked. This study aims at understanding what her works have shown from the viewpoint of analytic psychology.