New perspectives on Mega plasmid sequence (poh1) in <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> ATCC 10792 harbouring antimicrobial, insecticidal and antibiotic resistance genes

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Bacillus thuringiensis</I> promotes the growth of numerous economically important crops. The present study presents the complete genome sequence for a mega plasmid present in the type strain of <I>B. thuringiensis</I> ATCC 10792, a typical spore-forming Gram-positive bacterium with insecticidal activity, and investigates its genetic characteristics. The genome was sequenced and assembled de novo using Pac-Bio sequencers and the Hierarchical Genome Assembly Process, respectively. Further genome annotation was performed, and a total of 489 proteins and a novel mega-plasmid (poh1) with 584,623 bps were identified. The organization of poh1 revealed the genes involved in the insecticidal toxin pathway. The genes responsible for antimicrobial, insecticidal and antibiotic activities were well conserved in poh1, indicating an intimate association with plant hosts. The poh1 plasmid contains the gene encoding a novel crystal protein kinase responsible for production of zeta toxin, which poisons insects and other Gram-negative bacteria through the global inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis. Lantibiotics are a group of bacteriocins that include the biologically active antimicrobial peptide <I>Paenibacillin</I>. Further, poh1 also contains the genes that encode the gramicidin S prototypical antibiotic peptide and tetracycline resistance protein. In conclusion, the strain-specific genes of <I>B. thuringiensis</I> strain ATCC 10792 were identified through complete genome sequencing and bioinformatics data based on major pathogenic factors that contribute to further studies of the pathogenic mechanism and phenotype analyses.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Complete genome sequence of Mega plasmid (poh1) in <I>B. thuringiensis</I> ATCC 10792. </LI> <LI> The plasmid encodes the Paenibacillin proteins (nisin, bisin, subtilin, epidermin and gallidermin) for lantibiotic family. </LI> <LI> The plasmid harbors a novel crystal like protein and zeta toxin, Tetracycline resistance gene in the mega plasmid. </LI> <LI> Specific gene with selective proteins, and its information has been deposited in Uni-Prot (https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AA0A0BU976). </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>