The synthesis of the manganese and chromium compounds which based on redox reactions in solutions are practiced by using different precursors and process. All of the Li[CrxLi(1/3-x/3)Mn(2/3-2x/3)]O2 series were synthesized by solid-state reactions usi...
The synthesis of the manganese and chromium compounds which based on redox reactions in solutions are practiced by using different precursors and process. All of the Li[CrxLi(1/3-x/3)Mn(2/3-2x/3)]O2 series were synthesized by solid-state reactions using the pre-perpared manganese and chromium precursors.
In Capter. 2, the manganese and chromium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by redox reactions using the oxidation agent in aqueous solutions. The Li1.252Cr0.244Mn0.504O2 materials having α-NaFeO2 (R3-m) phase were prepared by solid-state reactions with LiOH and the prepared nanoparticles. The materials were calcined at 500℃ and 900℃ for 6 hrs in air, and then quenched to room temperature. The Li1.252Cr0.244Mn0.504O2 material heated at 500℃ exhibits nanocrystalline characteristics and much higher discharge capacity of 268 mAh/g than the fully crystallized material heated at 900℃. Also, the material heated at 500℃ shows clearly the absence of the capacity at near 4.5 V after the first charge process in differential capacity vs. potential curve, indicating that the nanocrystalline Li1.252Cr0.244Mn0.504O2 successfully circumvents the undesirable oxygen loss.
In Capter. 3, the manganese and chromium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by redox reactions using transition metal powders in solutions. The layered Li[CrxLi(1/3-x/3)Mn(2/3-2x/3)]O2 (x=0.054, 0.0142, 0.147 and 0.311) materials having α-NaFeO2 (R-3m) structure were prepared by solid-state reactions with LiOH and the pre-perpared manganese and chromium precursors. The amount of chromium, after removing the traces of Li2CrO4 from the prepared samples is found to be increased with temperature.
The Li[CrxLi(1/3-x/3)Mn(2/3-2x/3)]O2 material with x=0.147 exhibits a high discharge capacity of 280 mAh/g in the first cycle and a good reversible capacity of about 250 mAh/g when cycled in voltage range 2.0 - 4.9 V. Whereas, the Li[CrxLi(1/3-x/3)Mn(2/3-2x/3)]O2 material with x=0.311 delivered a very low initial discharge capacity of 98 mAh/g, which is found to be increased up to a discharge capacity of about 260 mAh/g at the 30th cycling. This drastic increase in capacity is attributed to the redox couples of Cr+4/Cr+6 and Cr+3/Cr+4.