국내 병원건축에서 바이오필릭 디자인 패턴의 정량 비교분석 = Quantitative Analysis of Biophilic Design Patterns in Korean Hospital Architecture

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 2023년 국립중앙의료원 신축·이전 및 중앙감염병원 설계공모 5개안을 대상으로 바이오필릭 디자인 14패턴을 활용해 정량 비교·분석하였다. 본 연구는 국내 병원건축에서 바이오필릭 디자인 패턴의 구현 수준을 정량 평가할 수 있는 분석틀을 제시하고, 치유환경과 감염병 대응 기능을 통합한 설계 우선순위를 제안함으로써 학술적·실무적 의의를 가진다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines the application of biophilic design in hospital architecture through a comparative analysis of the five finalist proposalssubmitted to the 2023 design competition for the relocation of the National Medical Center (NMC) and constructing Central InfectiousDisease Hospital in Korea. Using the revised 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design published by Terrapin Bright Green (2025) as an analyticalframework, the research develops quantitative indicators suited to healthcare facilities, including window-to-wall ratio, operable window ratio,average view depth, green roof area, and water feature area. Based on competition panels, design reports, and drawings, each proposal wasevaluated and normalized on a 0–1 scale for pattern implementation. Results show that performance-oriented patterns such as Thermal & AirFlow Variability were consistently applied across all projects, reflecting a post-pandemic focus on infection control and patient comfort.
Patterns including Refuge, Non-Visual Connection with Nature, and Connection with Natural Systems achieved relatively high mean scores butshowed considerable variation among proposals, indicating their use as key differentiating strategies. In contrast, Presence of Water, Dynamic& Diffuse Light, and Risk/Peril were employed sparingly or experimentally, suggesting potential for greater sensory engagement andexperiential diversity in future designs. Overall, the findings indicate that domestic hospital design has achieved a standardized level offunctional safety and ventilation performance, yet the emotional and psychological dimensions of healing environments remain underdeveloped.
This study contributes to both theory and practice by offering a replicable quantitative framework for assessing biophilic design in healthcarearchitecture and by identifying priorities for integrating healing environments with infection control. Limitations include reliance oncompetition-stage materials and the absence of post-occupancy evaluation; future research should incorporate user-centered data andBIM/AI-based simulations to validate daylighting, view, and ventilation performance under real operating conditions.