신고전학파 경제 이론의 수행성 = 국가의 경제 자유화와 경제성장 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

경제 자유화가 경제성장 및 위기에 미치는 효과에 관한 기존의 사회과학문헌들이 충분한 학문적 결론을 내지 못하고 있는 것에 대해, 본 연구는 그러한 논의들이 신고전학파 경제 이론이 경제 현실을 구성해내는 효과를 충분히 고려하지 않았다는 문제 제기에서 시작한다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 ‘경제는 경제학에 배태’(Callon, 1998: 30)되어 있다고, 또는 경제 이론은 “카메라가 아니라 엔진”(MacKenzie, 2006: 12)이라고 주장하는 수행성(performativity) 이론을 통해 지난 30년간의 세계 경제성장 변화를 분석하는 것이다. 수행성 이론을 통한 접근은 신고전학파의 예측과 대조되는 세 가지 가설을 도출하게 한다. 첫째는 경제 자유화가 진행될수록 경제성장은 수확체감이 아닌 수확체증의 법칙을 보인다는 가설이며, 둘째는 경제 자유화의 효과는 중하 소득 국가 보다는 이미 자유화가 진행된 선진국에서 더 크며, 마지막으로 자유화의 효과가 상품 시장에서는 지속되지 못하는 반면 금융시장에서는 보다 오래 지속된다는 가설이다. 가설 검증에는 134개 국가들의 패널 자료를 이용하여, 각 국가들에서 신고전학파 이론에 근거한자유화변수가경제성장에미치는효과를분석했다. 이론적 측면에서 본 연구는 거시적 국가 비교를 통해 수행성 이론의 적용 범위를 넓힐 뿐 아니라, 행위자 간 수행 능력의 차이(가설2)와 시장 간 수행성의 차이(가설3)를 고려함으로써 수행성 이론의 정교화에 기여하려 한다. 또한 경제학, 신제도주의 사회학에 줄 수 있는 함의도 토의한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

While previous studies have not reached theoretical agreement on the association between economic liberalization and economic growth, we posit that few efforts have been directed at the role of neoclassical economic theory in constituting or restructuring economic reality. In this study, we draw upon performativity theory - which has argued that economics is “an engine, not a camera”(MacKenzie, 2006: 12) or that ‘the economy is embedded in economics’(Callon, 1998: 30) - to analyze changes in economic growth over the past 30 years. Performativity theory can provide three analytical hypotheses against neoclassical growth theory. First, counter to the law of diminishing returns in neoclassical economics, expansions in economic liberalization lead to increasing economic growth. Second, the effect of performativity is bigger in OECD countries than in upper-middle-income countries. Third, the effect of performativity diminishes earlier in production markets than in financial markets. We show empirical supports for the hypotheses using panel data from 134 countries from 1976 to 2005. This article not only extends the theoretical application of performativity theory to the country-level but also suggests performative differences among organizational actors and markets. We further discuss theoretical implications for current performativity theory, economics, new institutional sociology.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• [국문 초록]
• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경
• Ⅲ. 분석 틀 및 가설
• Ⅳ. 자료와 연구 방법
• Ⅴ. 분석 결과
• Ⅵ. 결론 및 토론
• 참고 문헌
• [Abstract]

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