Toxicity of Pesticides to Mycophagous Ladybrid, Illeis koebelei Timberlake (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Halyziini)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is the first to report the toxicity of pesticides to mycophagous ladybird, Illeis koebelei, which feeds on powdery mildew fungi. We investigated the selective toxicities of synthetic or environmentfriendly biopesticides to I. koebelei for integrated powdery mildew management programs. Three synthetic insecticides, bifenthrin + imidacloprid WP, acetamiprid + indoxacarb WP, and acetamiprid + etofenprox WP were very toxic (IOBC classification, Class 4) to I. koebelei. Spiromesifen SC showed low toxicity to the survival and fecundity of I. koebelei when the third instar larvae or newly emerged adults were exposed to this pesticide via feeding with spiromesifen SC-treated cucumber powdery mildew. Pyriproxyfen EC showed very high residual toxicity, and the pupation rate and fecundity decreased significantly. Many environmentfriendly biopesticides restricted the population of I. koebelei. However, Q pact (a.i. Ampelomyces quisqualis 94013) and Top seed (a.i. Paenibacillus polymyxa AC-1) showed toxicity to I. koebelei larvae. BT one (a.i. Bacillus thuringiensis) showed no residual toxicity on the fecundity of I. koebelei adults.

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