유럽 시대의 태동 : 18세기 농업개혁을 중심으로 = Birth of European Era : Reassessment of the Agricultural Reform of the Eighteenth Century

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The collapse of the medieval system forced Europe to introduce a new system to survive, It took about four centuries and Europe finally introduced a new system, Successful application of this new system shifted the balance of power and Europe was able to dominate the world with Industrial Re volution. The center of the completion of this process was the agricultural reform in the 18th century.
The efforts to replace the old values of medieval system started from all parts of Europe. Renaissance, Reformation and the Great Expansion were the major movements to replace the old system. The conclusion of the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 after the Thirty Years War, the changes became irreversible. That is, it became impossible to restore the medieval system.
However, Europe was not ready to imply the new system because the mass of European was not ready. Majohty of European was still engaged in agriculture and suffered from the shortage of food. The agricultural technology and productivity were remained as ancient standard. Eighteenth century agricultural reform changed the situation drastically. With the cultivation of hallow wit nitrogen-obtained crops, agricultural productivity increased up to 50%. With the success of the hybrid livestock and commercialization of agriculture, Europe witnessed the rapid increase of population, In fact, this phenomenon is called as the explosion of the population.
The rapid increase of population became the most crucial foundation for the Industrial Revolution. Industrial Revolution made Europe dominated world economy as well as world politics. Without the mass involvement through agricultural reform, the long effort to replace the old medieval system could not be completed and postponed as well as the European domination.