미국 도시문화계획 참여예술가들의 인식조사 = Examining Perceptions of Artists in a City Cultural Planning Process in the U.S.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Cultural planning involves a public-private process intended to promote artsand culture for economic and social development purposes. Recently, culturalplanning has taken off as a major new cultural policy in the U.S. and theincreased importance of creative industries and tourism has led many cities andregions to adopt an analytical and cooperative process in creating distinctivecultural development plans. This study discusses the artists’ perceptions andtheir roles in the cultural planning process in Chattanooga, Tennessee in theUnited States. The qualitative research methods mainly based on analysis ofextensive face-to-face interviews and various public and government documentsrevealed insights related to the relationship between the artists’ perceptions andsatisfactions with the cultural plan. Firstly, the artists’ perceptions about theimpact of their voices and the opportunities they had to be heard was directlyrelated to their satisfaction with the planning process. Especially, when theartists had a positive previous experience with the planning organizers, they hada tendency to participate more actively in the cultural planning process, thusenabling them to retain mostly positive views of the experience. Secondly, therewere changes in the artists’ ideas and knowledge base as a result of theirparticipation in planning process. In particular, the artists insisted that theirparticipation in the cultural planning process was valuable chance to learn moreabout themselves and their community, and to meet people in the community that they might not otherwise come across. Thirdly, there was a need for rationalization of the artists’ active participation in cultural planning, from collaboration with non-artist groups. When artists make wider their roles in the community, their roles in cultural planning could be expanded and more greatly recognized. Despite the purported importance of artists’ participation in the cultural policy arena, it has been ignored and infrequently studied. Therefore, this study aims to be a stepping stone to understand the work of stake holders involved in future cultural planning and cultural policy makers.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

문화계획은 경제와 사회개발을 통하여 문화예술의 진흥을 꾀하는 민관협동과정이다. 창조산업과 관광산업의 중요성이 증대됨에 따라 미국의 여러 도시와 지역들이 뛰어난 문화계획 수립을 위한 분석적이고도 협동적인 과정들을 적용하여왔다. 이 연구는 미국 테네시 주 차타누가시의 종합적 문화계획에 참여한 예술가들의 인식과 참여에 관해 조사하였다. 지역문화계획에 참여한 예술가들의 참여 동기 및 만족도, 계획참여에서 생기는 이익과 인식의 변화를 살펴보고 예술가들이 예술가가 아닌 이들과의 정책적 협업에서 어떤 경험을 하고 어떻게 예술가들이 보다 적극적이고 능동적으로 문화계획에 개입할 수 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 신뢰도를 위해 성별, 연령, 분야에 따라 균등하게 선별된 예술가들을 대상으로 일대일 면접 인터뷰를 실시하였고 자료에 대한 질적인 분석이 이루어졌다.
연구결론은 예술가의 문화계획참여에서의 만족도는 참여정도와 발언의 권한 및 특히 계획주최자인 지역문화원과의 관계에 보다 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 예술가는 참여기간 동안 평소에 접하기 어려운 다양한 지식을 직간접적으로 습득하는 긍정적인 경험을 하였으며 예술가의 더욱 능동적이고 체계적인 참여에 대한정당성과 합리화에 대한 질문 또한 제기되었다.
문화계획과 같은 정책영역에서 예술가의 참여와 개입은 항상 중요시되어 왔지만, 그에 반해 관련된 연구와 관심은 상대적으로 적었다. 총체적이고 통합적인 지역문화계획과 정책이 갈수록 중요시되는 시점에서 예술가의 효과적이고 적극적인 참여에 대한 본 연구는 더욱 발전된 문화계획 모델연구 및 예술가의 새로운 사회적 위상과 역할, 그리고 그에 상응하는 문화정책의 개입에 관한 후속연구에 도움이 되길 바란다.

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