This thesis explored the health co-operative movement in the industrial city, Ansan. As the medicalisation of everyday-life has deepened and the public medical service has shrunken, the health co-operative movement is on demand. In these contexts, the...
This thesis explored the health co-operative movement in the industrial city, Ansan. As the medicalisation of everyday-life has deepened and the public medical service has shrunken, the health co-operative movement is on demand. In these contexts, the health co-operative movement denies the one-sided relationship, that is, a local resident who is a medical consumer relies entirely on doctors about his or her own health. Thus, it requires local residents to organize themselves and become the subject of their own health. The form of this organization is a kind of co-operative. I started the research by questioning how the health co-operative is established; how it has sustained; in what context the medical experts who provide professional service participate in the health co-operative; and what is the nature of this social relationship. To find an answer on these questions, I regarded Ansan Health Co-operative as a collective agency and took the life history approach on the process of development since its inauguration.
All social relations in the health co-operative is basically framed by organizational form called co-operative. Co-operative is defined as: "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise." According to this definition, the co-operative is both an association and an enterprise which no one is ruled or forced by anyone but each member becomes the subject. That is to say, the co-operative can become the social space of autonomy to members of co-operative out of control of capital in some degree. Yet, if the co-operative becomes bigger to some extent, it is impossible to run and keep the enterprise only by the capability of members. It will inevitably need personnel who could work permanently and professionally. Thus, almost co-operatives hire staffs. Structurally, the labor of these hired staffs cannot escape from the employment relationship. It would be the same even if employer is the community which strives for not profit but social purpose.
In case of Ansan Health Co-operative, an employment relationship does not disappear although most staffs participate in the co-operative and consequently have dual identity which is an employer in one hand and an employee in the other hand. This relationship has been only blindfolded. Hence, it is necessary to take a note on not just the structure of the relation but also how the relationship occurs in everyday-work. In other words, it needs to change the labor of staffs from alienated work to autonomous work, In order to take this approach, given that the co-operative is run under the capitalism, it needs to overcome the structural determinism which regards alienation of labor as an inevitable structure.
Under the today's corporate capitalism, the immediacy of employment relationship disappears and the superior, who is also an employee, appears as the owner of the particular work process. In this respect there is no difference in the co-operative. The superior is an agent who influence dominantly over everyday-work process. However, they can become a mediator who could overcome the alienation in work process. In this view, the type of their leadership becomes critical. Surely, the hierarchical and authoritarian leadership could be established when it excludes autonomy at first. Therefore, in order to change the labor of staffs from alienated work to autonomous work, it requires the another type of leadership based on the values of the co-operative, that is horizontal and democratic leadership. Also, as to change the leadership of superior, the organizational culture which restricts the behavior of superior in a degree should be changed. By so doing, the leadership at the individual level could transform itself towards encouraging staffs to become autonomous and eventually staffs could become the subject of co-operative.
Now, along with the participation of members, the autonomous work of staffs need to be considered as one of the pillars which buttress the co-operative, because the threat to the identity of the co-operative as an alternative community comes not from the employment of wage earners itself but from the nature of their everyday-work process.