Integrating economics, ecology, and thermodynamics

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Foreword = ⅸ
• Acknowledgment = xi
• Part Ⅰ. Introduction = 1
• 1. Economics, Ecology and Thermodynamics = 3
• 1.1 The Relevance of Economy-Environment Interactions for Economic Systems = 3
• 1.2 Towards a Consistent Representation of Economy-Environment Interactions = 5
• 1.3 Economic System, Ecosystem, and Thermodynamics = 9
• 1.4 Organization of the Study = 11
• Part Ⅱ. Core Concepts in Economics, Ecology and Thermodynamics = 15
• 2. Core Concepts in Neoclassical Economics = 17
• 2.1 A Delineation of Economic Activities = 17
• 2.2 Opportunity Costs, Substitution, and Time Preference = 19
• 2.3 Economic Decisions and Time = 20
• 2.4 Discount Rate and Resource Use = 24
• 2.5 Dynamic Economic Models of Nonrenewable Resource Use = 27
• 2.5.1 Optimal Extraction of Nonrenewable Resources = 27
• 2.5.2 Empirical Evidence for Increasing Resource Scarcity = 30
• 2.6 Dynamic Economic Models of Renewable Resource Use = 31
• 2.7 Summary = 34
• 3. Core Concepts in Ecology = 35
• 3.1 Basic Characteristics of Ecosystems = 35
• 3.2 Changing Components of Ecosystems = 38
• 3.2.1 Equilibrium versus Nonequilibrium Hypotheses = 38
• 3.2.2 Change on the Community and Population Levels = 41
• 3.3 Evolutionary processes = 43
• 3.4 Summary = 46
• 4. Core Concepts in Thermodynamics = 48
• 4.1 Thermodynamic Systems Analysis = 48
• 4.2 First Law Analysis = 51
• 4.3 Second Law Analysis = 53
• 4.4 Entropy and Information = 56
• 4.5 Summary = 59
• Part Ⅲ. Integrating the Core Concepts of Economics, Ecology and Thermodynamics = 61
• 5. Integrating Core Concepts of Thermodynamics into Economics = 63
• 5.1 From Analogies to the Physical Functioning of Economic Processes = 63
• 5.2 The Laws of Thermodynamics in Economic Models = 65
• 5.2.1 Economic Activity and Conservation of Mass and Energy = 65
• 5.2.2 Production, Thermodynamic Constraints and Economic Optimization = 68
• 5.3 Thermodynamics, Resource Use, and Technical Change = 70
• 5.3.1 Economy-Environment Interactions in a Dynamic Context = 70
• 5.3.2 Energy, Material, Time and Information Trade-Off in Production = 71
• 5.4 Summary and Conclusions = 75
• 6. Ecology and Thermodynamics = 76
• 6.1 Ecosystems and Ecosystem Components as Thermodynamic Systems = 76
• 6.2 Entropy, Evolution, and Growth = 79
• 6.3 Implications of the Ecology-Thermodynamics Interface for the Economy as an Ecosystem Component = 82
• 6.3.1 The Economic System as an Ecosystem Component = 82
• 6.3.2 Sustainability of Economic Activities = 84
• 6.4 Summary and Conclusions = 90
• 7. Economics and Ecology = 92
• 7.1 The Economics-Ecology Interface = 92
• 7.2 Economic Principles in Ecology = 93
• 7.3 Economy-Environment Interactions and Evolutionary Theories of Economic Change = 97
• 7.3.1 The Role of Core Concepts of Ecology in Economic Theory = 97
• 7.3.2 Evolution and Economic Change-From Analogies to Economic Functioning = 102
• 7.3.3 Socioeconomic Evolution, Creativity and Novelty = 106
• 7.4 Summary and Conclusions = 108
• 8. Economics, Ecology and Thermodynamics = 111
• 8.1 Treating Economy-Environment Interactions in Accordance with the Core Concepts of Economics, Ecology and Thermodynamics = 111
• 8.2 Information, Knowledge and Technology = 114
• 8.3 System Boundaries and Reference Environment = 120
• 8.4 An Anthropocentric Approach to Economy-Environment Interactions = 123
• 8.5 Summary and Conclusions = 124
• Part Ⅳ. Nonlinear Dynamic Simulation of Natural Resource Use : Thermodynamic Limits and Endogenous Technical Change = 127
• 9. Thermodynamic Implications for Nonrenewable Resource Extraction with Endogenous Technical Change = 129
• 9.1 Introduction = 129
• 9.2 A Production Function for Nonrenewable Resource Extraction with Thermodynamic Limits = 130
• 9.3 Endogenous Technical Change in the Mining Sector = 137
• 9.4 Optimal Resource Extraction with Endogenous Technical Change = 142
• 9.4.1 The Institutional Framework for Optimal Resource Extraction with Endogenous Technical Change = 142
• 9.4.2 Centralized Decision on Optimal Extraction of a Nonrenewable Resource = 143
• 9.4.3 Data Sources for the Illustration of the Model of Optimal Nonrenewable Resource Extraction = 148
• 9.5 Simulation of Optimal Time Paths = 150
• 9.6 Sensitivity Analysis = 155
• 9.7 Summary and Conclusions = 161
• 10. A Comprehensive Model of Economy-Environment Interactions = 164
• 10.1 Introduction = 164
• 10.2 System Components of the Model of Economy-Environment Interactions = 168
• 10.2.1 The Mining Sector = 168
• 10.2.2 The Manufacturing Sector = 170
• 10.2.3 The Agricultural Sector = 173
• 10.2.4 Human Organisms = 176
• 10.3 Nonlinear Dynamic Optimization for a Multi-Sector Economy with Endogenous Technical Change and Thermodynamic Constraints = 177
• 10.3.1 The Objective Function for a Simple Society = 177
• 10.3.2 Optimal Time Paths = 181
• 10.4 Nonlinear Dynamic Simulation = 186
• 10.4.1 Data Sources = 186
• 10.4.2 Simulation Results = 188
• 10.5 Summary and Conclusions = 196
• Part Ⅴ. Summary and Conclusions = 199
• 11. Methodology and findings = 201
• 11.1 The Methodological Background of the Study = 201
• 11.2 The Models of Optimal Natural Resource Use = 206
• Appendix A : Glossary = 211
• Appendix B : Nonlinear Dynamic Simulation Program for the Nonrenewable Resource Model = 214
• Appendix C : Initial Conditions and Parameter Values for the Simulation of the comprehensive Model of Chapter 10 = 219
• References = 221
• Index = 248