창조성의 사회심리학적 연구: 개념, 방법, 흐름과 주제 = Social Psychology of Creativity: Concept, Methods, Trends and Topics

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Creativity is one of the most profound needs of humanity as it allows realization of optimal experience and self-actualization. However, despite its social interest and acknowledged importance, creativity has been underinvestigated as a scientific research topic in the field of psychology. One main reason for this disregard is that researchers are suspicious of the validity of the definition and of its methodology which is largely grounded on the psychometric tradition of creativity research where creativity is defined as a divergent thinking ability. On the other hand, the concept and methodology of creativity that is defined in the sociocultural context as a creative process and the individual who produces both nevel and useful products are appropriate as a scientific research topic. Especially, social psychological research of creativity that follows this sociocultural concept and methodology contributes to the comprehensive understanding of creativity in its own special way. In this article,we describe definition, methodology and research trends of social psychology of creativity in attempt to contribute to the advancement of this field of study. We review social psychology of creativity in a special attention to the meaning of each study as we structuralize its trends as (a) Theories for process and system, focusing on creating process' temporal and procedural integrity and its social system; (b) Theories for context and motivation,covering the effect and context of creator's state motivation, flow and emotion; and (3) Theories for group process, focusing on creating process where more than one creator is involved, that define factors that make a group become creative in an effective way. Finally, based upon the relation between three trends, we discussed the contribution of social psychology of creativity to understand creativity itself as a whole and to understand korean creativity.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

인간의 근본 욕구이자 최적 경험이며 자기실현인 창조성은 그 중요성과 사회적 관심에 비해 과학적 심리학의 연구주제로서는 위상이 낮은 편이다. 그 중요한 원인 중 하나는 연구자들이 창조성 개념의 정의와 그 측정 방법의 타당도에 확신을 갖지 못하는 것인데, 이는 창조성을 확산적 사고 능력, 즉 창의성(創意性)으로 정의하는 심리측정론적 개념과 그 방법의 타당성 문제에 상당 부분 기인한다. 반면 사회문화적 맥락에서 새롭고 유용하다고 합의되는 산물을 생산하는 개인과 창조과정의 특징으로 창조성(創造性)을 정의하는 창조성의 사회문화적 정의 및 방법은 과학적 연구 주제로 타당하며, 특히 이러한 개념과 방법에 따르는 창조성의 사회심리학적 연구는 창조성에 대한 온전한 이해에 독특하게 기여한다. 이에 본 논문은 창조성에 대한 사회심리학적 연구의 활성화와 발전을 위해 창조성의 사회문화적 개념과 그 연구방법을 살펴보고, 창조성의 사회심리학적 연구 흐름을 개관한다. 특히 각 연구의 함의에 주목하여 (1) 창조과정의 절차적 전체성에 주목하고 창조의 사회적 체계를 강조하는 ‘과정과 체계의 창조성 이론’, (2) 내적 동기 및 몰입을 중심으로 창조자의 동기와 정서가 창조성에 미치는 영향을 파악하고, 창조에 적합한 마음 상태를 만드는 환경요소를 탐구하는 ‘맥락과 동기의 창조성 이론’, 그리고 (3) 2인 이상의 창조자가 관여하는 창조과정에 주목하여 집단의 효과적 기능 조건을 탐구하는 ‘집단 과정의 창조성 이론’의 세 가지 흐름으로 구분하여 각 연구주제를 개관하였다. 마지막으로 세 가지 흐름의 상호관련성을 바탕으로 창조성의 사회심리학적 연구가 창조성의 넓고 깊은 이해에 기여하는 바를 강조하고, 한국사회의 창조성 연구에 대한 함의를 논하였다.

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