이란의 군부엘리트와 부족주의의 관계 연구 = A Study on the Relationship between Military Elite and Tribalism in Iran

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article aims to analyze the relationship between military elite and tribalism in Iran. Tribes adapted and transformed their roles and function based on their surrounding environment. When weak local/state governments existed the tribes exerted their power and influence to provide required social, economic, and security services to their members. The social order in Iran was marked well into the twentieth century by a tension the central government and powerful chiefs of momadic tribes. At the same time, the rulers themselves were either of tribal origins or dependent on tribal support were the first for nearly a millennium to be neither. Under the Pahlavi shahs the major tribal chiefs were systematically stripped of their economic and political influence, but tribal loyalties and forms of social organization survived in many parts of the country. The tribes did not actively support the 1979 Revolution and opposition tribes were targeted and suppressed by the Ayatollah Khomeini regime. The rise of the Islamic regime unified the majority of Iran overriding tribal and ethnic boundaries to prevent tribal leaders from reestablishing their prominence. The strongest tribal loyalties remain predominantly within Iranian ethnic minority groups. However these groups lack the unity or political strength to be a significant influence. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), is a branch of Iran`s military, founded after the Iranian revolution. The IRGC was initially created by Ayatollah Khomeini during the 1978-1979 Islamic Revolution as an ideological guard for the nascent regime. Since then, it has evolved into an expansive socio-political-economic conglomerate whose influence extends into virtually Iranian political life and society. In the political sphere, many high-ranking officialolvee former Pasdar intAnd on the economic front, the IRGC controls a wide variety of commercial enterprises. As a force loyal to the Supreme Leader the Guards were intended not only to fight foreign enemies, but also to safeguard the Islamic Republic`s internal stability.

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