'망각협정'과 스페인의 과거청산

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Spanish transition to a democratic regime after Franco's death was unique in several ways. First of all, the leaders of the authoritarian regime initiated a rapid transition to democracy. This new type of democratic transition has been called transition through transaction, underscoring the importance of negotiations and compromises among political elites. And there is a growing consensus that the Spanish transition was largely successful and became a paradigmatic case for the research on consented democratic transition and rapid democratic consolidation.
However, when it comes to the reconciliation and how to deal with the tragic past, the Spanish case does not present a successful and desirable model. In spite of the numerous unjust deaths, illegal detentions, tortures, expulsions, and disappearances occurred during the Spanish Civil War and the subsequent Franco's rule, there were no official disputes on those issues so far, let alone truth commissions and human-right trials to judge those responsible for such a infringement.
It is probable that the absence of political efforts to deal with the tragic past was, to a certain degree, inevitable. The balance of powers among the political forces in the mid-1970s mattered. Those in power thought that they could not able to stay in the position without, given the Western European context, excessive repressions, while those challenging the regime were not marshal, at least immediately, enough forces to overthrow its opponents. In addition, the majority of the population, who still remembered traumatic experiences of the Civil War, did not want to accept radical changes that might damage the country's much appreciated stability. It should be also taken into account social and political perceptions strongly affected by the traumatic memories of fratricidal conflicts and an obsessive desire to avoid its repetition.
However, the issue in question here is that the effect of forgetting, which would be better only temporarily, has long been prolonged. A quarter century has already passed since Spain was democratized, and its far-right wing including the military did not pose political threats any longer. In my view, overcoming the tragic past will not be achieved by Simply forgetting and covering the past events. It is impossible for them to forget all that happened forever. It is imperative to acknowledge any wrongdoing and apologize to the victims in order to grope for veritable reconciliation. Without these reconciliatory efforts that cure and recuperate the traumatic memories, the Spanish democratization would be quite something incomplete.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 들어가며
• Ⅱ. 내전의 트라우마와 프랑코 체제
• Ⅲ. 민주주의 체제로의 이행
• Ⅳ. 사면법과 '망각협정'
• Ⅴ. 민주화 이후의 과거사 논의
• Ⅵ. 나오며
• 〈Abstract〉