This study examines the realization of wearable augmented reality system based on vision with gaze interaction. The augmented reality system based on vision is not the method using equipment such as a position tracker, a gyroscope, and GPS (Global Pos...
This study examines the realization of wearable augmented reality system based on vision with gaze interaction. The augmented reality system based on vision is not the method using equipment such as a position tracker, a gyroscope, and GPS (Global Positioning System) etc. but the technology supposing the location and direction of a camera in real time based on two-dimensional images entered into a camera. The wearable computer system basically consists of a small size PC, an input device, and an output device. The output device for this study is HMD (Head Mounted Device). HMD is the most typically used device in the wearable computer system. In the augmented reality environment, the coordinate system virtually made is matched after calculating the coordinate system of real environment by using inputted information through the input device of camera and so on. If printing out this on HMD, the user experiences augmented reality environment by the compositeness of real world and virtual world. Most of the previous studies were progressed from the view using various devices by the hand for the user’s input. S. Feiner’s system consists of HMD, GPS, and a touch screen and so the user can check the information about the building through HMD while going around the campus in University. In this study, because the user controls the touch screen with both hands, the problem that the user cannot use one’s hand occurs. And also, as the user continuously controls it with hands and moves, wearability and mobility are also reduced. In other words, the act of the interaction using a device has a demerit of requiring the interaction between the attachment and the control of the device. For solving this problem, the method of not the interaction based on the device but the interaction based on the user’s gesture is being researched. The method based on the gesture has advantages that the equipment attaching to the user’s body can be reduced and users can immediately interact when they want. In V. Buchmann’s study, the hand is found in the camera scope which the user watches and the interactions of the move, choice, rotation etc. are realized by the hand’s specific pattern, the number of fingers, and the movement. However, there are problems which the body part cannot be used as the purpose except for the interaction and of kinetic constraints. To solve these problems, the study on the face part, especially the eyes is needed in the wearable computer system. If employing the system using pupils, these constraints on the body part disappear. The interaction by the eyes can make both hands free. The studies on the eyes like this are being consistently progressed. In Z. Lieberman’s study, in order to make the system which they can use their computer and help their lives for patients having physical defects, the study using the movement and blinking of the eyes was performed. T.E. Hutchinson’s study is conducting the research on the eyes in the various interfaces on the strength of the development of HCI (Human Computer Interaction). These studies are mainly the works tracking the user’s eyes by attaching to the monitor or obtaining the information of the eyes by attaching to people’s glasses who can hardly move. The studies using by obtaining the information of this pupils are now beginning. Specially, the study on the interaction of the pupils by the attachment to HMD is being significantly investigated in the wearable computer system. As the wearable computer equipment gets lighter and smaller with the development of technology, because the ideal study is by method using the pupils in performing the studies on the simple and convenient interaction. By the development of these studies, the integration of the camera obtaining images and HMD is being tried. The researches about this are Tanriverdi’s and susan’s. In their researches, a target is gazed by using the information of the pupils and then the methods choosing the target through the accumulation of the gaze time and the blink movement of one eye are examined and the blink can be conveniently used, but the fatal and important problems that the user cannot see by closing eyes and at the moment of blinking, the pupils cannot be found occur. Moreover, in the study through gaze duration time, the problem of the judgment about the gaze of target for the choice or the natural gaze by simply moving occurs. This is called as Midas touch problem and the multiple choice work using the gaze duration and the blink is conducted for the solution. The research on half-blink movement, which people partly blink, is performed as the method for solving the problem of blink movement. The most important problem for the realization of the interaction using the pupil tracking based on HMD is the detection and the tracking of the pupils. This is because the detection and the movement of the pupils determine all results. The detection and the tracking methods of the pupils are employed in the various fields and the relevant studies have been conducted. In the wearable computer system, the size became small and the performance was improved by the development of the hardware part, but the method of the existing environment is still being used. In the existing environment, the devices such as keyboard, mouse, keypad, and touch interface etc. require for the input. Here users wear these input devices on their body parts and this brings about many constraints by involving the limitation of hands movement or the awkward movement. Furthermore, the use of the input device does not allow users freely use their hands. This study realized the effective gaze interaction system by using the movement of the pupils, the gaze duration time, and the half-blink movement based on the interaction method applying the information of the user’s pupils in the wearable computer system. The composition of this thesis is as follows. Chapter 1 is an introduction. Chapter 2 is the explanation about the general camera model, projective geometry, projective matrix estimation methods, camera calibration technique, HMD, the detection and the tracking methods using the eyes. Chapter 3 treats the system configuration and explanation for the gaze interaction, the system theory and realization purposed for half-blink movement of the eyes based on the explained theory. Chapter 4 assesses the performance of the system purposed in Chapter 3 and treats application plans for the utilization and Chapter 5 draws a conclusion.