시민성의 회복과 제3자 개입

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is focused on how to recover 'civicity' to prevent, interfere and treat community violence. Residential locality such as subway, public school and public parking lot are no more safe place to erase children. The reason to become unsafe community to live is not because of the government incompetency but because of lack of civic responsibility. In order to recover civicity to become healthy and sound community, few discussions can be draw. First, public opinion, shared trust and ability of action will be key issues of civicity and civic community. Second, civic community based upon civicity should be enhanced for national development and pursuit of private interest. Third, civic education for prevention of violence will be adequate method to recover civicity. Fourth, everyone in community should be responsible to prevent community violence, therefore, bystander education should be introduced in community level.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Potter, Lloyd B., "Understanding the Incidence and Origins of Community Violence: Toward a Comprehensive Perspective of Violence Prevention, In Violence in Homes and Communities: Prevention, Intervention, and Treatment" SAGE 2009

2 Reiss, A. J., "Understanding and Preventing Violence" National Academy Press 1993

3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Trends in Rates of Homicide in the US. 1985-1994" 1994

4 Bronfenbrenner, U., "Toward an Experimental Ecology of Human Development" 32 (32): 1977

5 Cicchetti, D., "Toward an Ecological/Transactional Model of Community Violence and Child Maltreatment: Consequences for Children's Development" 56 (56): 1993

6 Latane, Bibb, "The Unresponsive Bystander: Why Doesn't He Help?" Appleton-Century-Crofts 1970

7 Fischer, Peter, "The Unresponsive Bystander: Are Bystanders More Responsive in Dangerous Emergencies?" 36 : 2006

8 Koss, M. P., "The Repe Victim: Clinical and Community Interventions" SAGE 1991

9 Levine, P., "The Future of American Democracy: Developing the Next Generation of American Citizens" Tufts University Press 2007

10 Saltmarsh, J., "The Civic Promise of Service Learning" 91 (91): 2005

11 Cherry, F., "Stubborn Particulars of Social Psychology" Routledge 1994

12 Putnam, R. D., "Social Capital & Public Affairs" 47 (47): 1995

13 Borofsky, G. L., "Sex Differences in Bystander Reactions to Physical Assault" 7 : 1971

14 Levine, M., "Rethinking Bystander Nonintervention: Social Categorization and the Evidence of Witnesses at the James Bulger Murder Trial" 52 : 1999

15 Sanday, P. R., "Rape-Prone versus Rape-Free Campus Cultures" 2 : 1996

16 McMahon, Sarah, "Rape Myth Beliefs and Bystander Attitudes Among Incoming College Students" 59 (59): 2010

17 Payne, Diana L., "Rape Myth Acceptance: Exploration of Its Structure and Its Measurement Using the IRMA(Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance) Scale" 33 : 1999

18 Mercy, J. A., "Public Health Policy for Preventing Violence" 12 (12): 1993

19 Schewe, P. A., "Prevention Violence in Relationships: Interventions across the Lifespan" Aerican Psychological Association 2002

20 Lonsway, K. A., "Preventing Acquaintance Rape through Education: What do we Know?" 20 : 1996

21 Newman, "Local Caring: Social Capital and Social Responsibility, In Caring and Doing for Others" University of Chicago Press 2001

22 Mathews, David, "How Concepts of Politics Control Concepts of Civic Responsibility, In Civic Responsibility and Higher Education" Oryx Press 2000

23 Block, R., "Homicide Syndromes and Vulnerability: Violence in Chicago Community Areas over 25 years" 1 (1): 1992

24 Edward, Dorothy, "Guide to Living It: One Green Dot at a Time" Greendot Press 2009

25 Berkowitz, A. D., "Fostering Men's Responsibility for Preventing Sexual Assault, In Preventing Violence in Relationships: Interventions across the Lifespan" American Psychological Association 2002

26 Coker, Ann, "Evaluation of Green Dot: An Active Bystander Intervention to Reduce Sexual Violence on College Campuses" 17 (17): 2011

27 Rossi, Alice S., "Developmental Roots of Adult Social Responsibility, In Caring and Doing for Others" University of Chicago Press 2001

28 Edwards, R. W., "Community Readiness: Research to Practice" 28 : 2000

29 McElhancy, Sandra J., "Community Based Approaches go to Violence Prevention, In Violence in Homes and Communities: Prevention, Intervention, and Treatment" SAGE 2009

30 Ehrlich, Thomas, "Civic Responsibility and Higher Education" Oryx Press 2000

31 Jacoby, Barbara, "Civic Engagement in Higher Education: Concepts and Practices" Jossey-Bass 2009

32 Battistoni, R., "Civic Engagement Across the Curriculum" Campus Compact 2002

33 Belsky, J., "Child Maltreatment: An Ecological Integration" 35 (35): 1980

34 Shortland, R. L., "Bystander Response to an Assault: When a Man Attacks a Woman" 34 : 1976

35 Banyard, Victoria L., "Bystander Education: Bringing a Broader Community Perspective to Sexual Violence Prevention" 32 (32): 2004

36 Sabol, William, "Building Community Capacity for Violence Prevention" 19 : 2004

37 Putnam, R. D., "Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital" 6 : 1995

38 Elliot, D. S., "Blueprints for Violence Prevention" University of Colorado, Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence 1997

39 Nozick, Robert, "Anarchy, State, and Utopia" Blackwell Press 1974

40 Rawls, John, "A Theory of Justice" Oxford University Press 1971