The German language today : a linguistic introduction

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = ⅷ
• List of abbreviations = ⅹ
• 1 Introduction = 1
• 1.1 What is German? = 1
• 1.2 What 'norms' exist for German? = 4
• 1.3 The extent of German = 6
• 1.4 The development of standard German = 12
• Select bibliography and further reading = 23
• 2 Variation in German = 27
• 2.1 The nature of variation = 27
• 2.2 Spoken and written German = 28
• 2.3 Formal and informal use of language = 33
• 2.4 Archaic language = 38
• 2.5 Specialist, technical and group languages = 41
• Select bibliography and further reading = 52
• 3 German in Austria = 55
• 3.1 Historical background = 55
• 3.2 Status of dialect, colloquial speech and standard language = 59
• 3.3 Characteristics of Austrian German = 61
• 3.4 Conclusion = 71
• 3.5 Illustrative texts = 72
• Select bibliography and further reading = 73
• 4 The German language in Switzerland = 76
• 4.1 Historical background = 76
• 4.2 The extent of German = 78
• 4.3 High German and Swiss German = 80
• 4.4 The characteristics of High German in Switzerland = 84
• 4.5 Conclusion = 92
• 4.6 Illustrative texts = 93
• Select bibliography and further reading = 97
• 5 German in East Germany = 100
• 5.1 Historical background = 100
• 5.2 Normative works on German in East Germany = 102
• 5.3 GDR German - another language? = 112
• 5.4 The Wende and its linguistic impact = 115
• 5.5 Illustrative texts = 116
• Select bibliography and further reading = 119
• 6 Phonetics and phonology = 121
• 6.1 The production and classification of speech sounds = 121
• 6.2 Pronunciation standards for German = 131
• 6.3 Phonemes and allophones = 132
• 6.4 Phonotactics = 139
• 6.5 Generative phonology = 142
• 6.6 Recent developments in phonology and their application to German = 145
• 6.7 Suprasegmental features = 148
• Select bibliography and further reading = 152
• 7 German spelling and its reform = 154
• 7.1 The phonemic principle = 154
• 7.2 The morphophonemic principle = 158
• 7.3 Lexical principles = 160
• 7.4 The normalization of German orthography and suggestions for reform = 165
• 7.5 Illustrative texts in gem$$\ddot a$$βigte Kleinschreibung = 172
• Select bibliography and further reading = 173
• 8 German grammar = 174
• 8.1 The nature of grammar = 174
• 8.2 Divisions and units of grammar = 175
• 8.3 Parts of speech = 177
• 8.4 Sentence structure = 180
• 8.5 The internal structure of the NP = 184
• 8.6 The internal structure of the VP = 192
• Select bibliography and further reading = 214
• 9 Word formation = 217
• 9.1 The units of word formation = 217
• 9.2 Inflection vs derivation = 219
• 9.3 Productivity in word formation = 221
• 9.4 Types of word formation = 221
• 9.5 Semantics in word formation = 233
• 9.6 Borrowed affixes = 234
• 9.7 Word formation in technical languages = 235
• 9.8 Trends in word formation = 238
• Select bibliography and further reading = 240
• 10 Vocabulary = 242
• 10.1 The structure of the vocabulary = 242
• 10.2 Development of German vocabulary = 248
• Select bibliography and further reading = 270
• Index = 274