왜 메타이론(metatheory)인가? = Making a case for Metatheory in IR

국문 초록 (Abstract)

현대 IR에서 ‘메타이론 무용론’은 하나의 주류 입장으로 자리 잡아가고 있다. 즉 메타이론적 논쟁은 국제정치에 관한 지식생산과 IR의 지적진보에 “방해”가 되는 것으로 치부되곤 한다. 본 논문은 이와 같이 메타이론에 매우 척박한 IR의 학술적 지형에서 메타이론의 유용성과 필요성을 명시적으로 그리고 논리적으로 설명하여 그 균형을 되찾고자 한다. 이를 위해 메타이론이 왜, 그리고 어떤 측면에서 중요한지에 관해 구체적으로 논하고, 나아가 ‘메타이론 무용론’자들의 논리가 절대적 진리와 상대적 진리의 혼동에 기초하고 있음을 지적한다. 이와 함께 IR의 주류 메타이론적 입장인 실증주의와 그것의 대척점에 위치한 비판이론과 과학적 실재론 간의 논쟁을 ‘IR의 맥락’에서 소개한다. 이를 통해 메타이론적 논쟁에 관여한다는 것은 비록 논쟁이 해결될 수 없다하더라도 IR의 협소한 인식적 기반을 확장하고 주류이론의 심층적 검증을 가능케하여 결과적으로 지적진보에 중요한 역할을 한다는 점을 보여준다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In comtemporary International Relations (IR) scholarship, metatheory or metatheoretical debates are often seen as pernicious to the progress in IR. This is especially so in the mainstream of IR, namely American IR. In contrast to a so-called anti-metatheorical or pragmatist position, this article shows why metatheoretical debates, which appears “irresolvable”, are important and how they contribute to IR. To this end, the article discusses different forms of truth. In addition, positivism, critical theory and scientific realism are discussed in the context of IR. In conclusion, this article argues that active engagement in metatheoretical debates at the level of ontology and epistemology can bring about a more pluralistic field of IR and a critical foundation on which the existing mainstream IR theory is to be tested in multiple dimensions.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 논문요약
• Ⅰ. 문제제기: 메타이론을 둘러싼 논쟁은 “해로운”(evil)것인가?
• Ⅱ. 메타이론 논쟁 유용론: 메타이론의 중요성과 필요성
• Ⅲ. IR의 메타이론적 논쟁
• Ⅳ. 맺는말
• 참고문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 강신주, "철학 vs 철학" 그린비

2 은용수, "심리/인지적 연구와 국제관계학" 한국국제정치학회 53 (53): 79-111, 2013

3 Lake, David, "Why ‘isms’ are evil: Theory, epistemology, and academic sects as impediments to understanding and progress" 55 (55): 465-480, 2011

4 Eun, Yong-Soo, "Why and How Should We Go for a Multicausal Analysis in the Study of Foreign Policy?: (Meta-) theoretical Rationales and Methodological Rules" 38 (38): 763-783, 2012

5 Wendt, Alexander, "Why a World State Is Inevitable?" 9 (9): 491-542, 2003

6 Jacobsen, Kurt, "Why Freud matters: Psychoanalysis and international relations revisited" 27 (27): 393-416, 2013

7 Lake, David, "Theory is dead, long live theory: The end of the great debates and the rise of eclecticism" 19 (19): 567-587, 2013

8 Devetak, Richard, "Theories of International Relations" Palgrave 137-138, 2005

9 Hopf, Ted, "The promise of constructivism in International Relations theory" 23 (23): 171-200, 1998

10 Sil, Rudra, "The foundations of eclecticism: The epistemological status of agency, culture, and structure in social theory" 12 (12): 353-387, 2000

11 Guzzini, Stefano, "The ends of International Relations theory: Stages of reflexivity and modes of theorizing" 19 (19): 521-541, 2013

12 Dunne, Tim, "The end of International Relations theory?" 19 (19): 405-425, 2013

13 Tyfield, David, "The economics of science: a critical realist overview. Vol. 1" Routledge 2011

14 Bhaskar, Roy, "The Possibility of Naturalism: A Philosophical Critique of the Contemporary Human Sciences" Harvester 1998

15 Hollis, Martin, "The Philosophy of Social Science: An Introduction" Cambridge University Press 2000

16 Lebow, Richard Ned, "The Past and Future of War" 24 (24): 243-245, 2010

17 Kratochwil, Friedrich, "The Monologue of “Science”" 5 (5): 24-128, 2003

18 Popper, Karl, "The Logic of Scientific Discovery" Basic Books 2002

19 Cox, Robert W, "The International’ in Evolution" 35 (35): 513-, 2007

20 Turner, Jonathan H., "The Emergence of Sociological Theory" Sage Publications 44-, 2011

21 Jackson, Patrick, "The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations: Philosophy of Science and Its Implications for the Study of World Politics" Routledge 2011

22 Wohlforth, William C., "Testing Balance-of-Power Theory in World History" 13 : 155-185, 2007

23 Wendt, Alexander, "Social Theory of International Politics" Cambridge University Press 1999

24 Cox, Robert W., "Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory" 10 (10): 126-155, 1981

25 Adler, Emmanuel, "Seizing the middle ground: Constructivism in world politics" 3 (3): 319-364, 1997

26 Rivas, Jorge, "Scientific Realism and International Relations" Palgrave Macmillan 203-227, 2010

27 Joseph, Jonathan, "Scientific Realism and International Relations" Palgrave Macmillan 2010

28 Hamati-Ataya, Inanna, "Reflectivity, reflexivity, reflexivism: IR’s ‘reflexive turn’―and beyond" 19 (19): 669-694, 2012

29 Elman, Colin, "Progress in. International Relations Theory: Appraising the Field" MIT Press 2003

30 Popper, Karl, "Problems in the Philosophy of Science" North-Holland 75-96, 1968

31 Halfpenny, Peter, "Positivism and Sociology: Explaining Social Life" Routledge 2014

32 Morgenthau, Hans J., "Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace" Alfred A. Knopf 1948

33 Joseph, Jonathan, "Philosophy in International Relations: A Scientific Realist Approach" 35 (35): 345-359, 2007

34 Habermas, Jürgen, "On the Logic of the Social Sciences" Polity Press 1988

35 Wendt, Alexander, "On constitution and causation in International Relations" 24 (24): 101-117, 1998

36 Keohane, Robert O., "Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate" Columbia University Press 278-291, 1993

37 Suganami, Hidemi, "Meta-Jackson: Rethinking Patrick Thaddeus Jackson’s Conduct of Inquiry" 41 (41): 248-269, 2013

38 Habermas, Jürgen, "Knowledge and Human Interests" Polity Press 1987

39 Yanow, Dvora, "Interpretation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn" M.E. Sharpe 2006

40 Smith, Steve, "International Theory: Positivism and Beyond" Cambridge University Press 1996

41 Maliniak, Daniel, "International Relations in the US Academy" 55 (55): 437-464, 2011

42 Kurki, Milja, "International Relations Theorie: Discipline and Diversity" Oxford University Press 1-25, 2013

43 Keohane, Robert O., "International Institutions and State Power: Essays in International Relations Theory" Westview 1989

44 Shapcott, Richard, "International Ethics: A Critical Introduction" Polity Press 2010

45 Wight, Colin, "Handbook of International Relations. second edition" SAGE 23-42, 2013

46 Jackson, Patrick, "Fear of Relativism" 16 (16): 13-22, 2015

47 Hollis, Martin, "Explaining and understanding in International Relations" Oxford University Press 1990

48 King, Gary, "Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research" Princeton University Press 1994

49 Aradau, Claudia, "Critical methods in International Relations: The politics of techniques, devices and acts" 20 (20): 598-600, 2014

50 Archer, Margaret, "Critical Realism: Essential Readings" Routledge 1998

51 Bull, Hedley, "Contending Approaches to International Politics" Princeton University Press 20-38, 1969

52 Knorr, Klaus, "Contending Approaches to International Politics" Princeton University Press 1969

53 Kratochwil, Friedrich, "Constructing a new orthodoxy? Wendt’s Social Theory of International Relations and the constructivist challenge" 29 (29): 73-101, 2000

54 Wendt, Alexander, "Constructing International Politics" 19 (19): 71-81, 1995

55 Kurki, Milja, "Causation in International Relations: Reclaiming Causal Analysis" Cambridge University Press 2008

56 Reus-Smit, Christian, "Beyond metatheory?" 19 (19): 589-608, 2013

57 Cox, Robert W., "Approaches to World Order" Cambridge University Press 1996

58 Sil, Rudra, "Analytical eclecticism in the study of world politics: Reconfiguring problems and mechanisms across research traditions" 8 (8): 411-431, 2010

59 Cornut, Jérémie, "Analytic Eclecticism in Practice: A Method for Combining International Relations Theories" 16 (16): 50-66, 2015

60 Keohane, Robert O., "After hegemony: Cooperation and discord in the world political economy" Princeton University Press 1984

61 Devetak, Richard, "A rival Enlightenment? Critical international theory in historical mode" 6 (6): 417-453, 2014

62 Bhaskar, Roy, "A Realist Theory of Science, 2nd edn" Harvester 2008