17세기 후반 영국성(Character of Englishness)의 형성과정 -외국인 여행기와 영국인의 대응 사례- = New Perspectives on British History : Articles ; The Making of the Character of Englishness -Foreigner`s Travel Account and Englishman`s Response in the Latter Half of the Seventeenth Century-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

My previous work, England as Seen by Foreigners: the Travel Accounts of Tudor-Stuart period challenged the 18th century absolutism that Englishness/Britishness is a modern invention, appearing mainly after the 18th century. The travel accounts written by 22 foreign visitors to England showed that the image of Englishman was already well established before the 18th Century. What I could not cover in the article, however, was the dialogical relations between English people and foreigners in the making of English character. To approach this subject, this article focuses on Samuel Sorbiere`s A Voyage to England(1664). Apart from Sorbiere admiration of the scientific development and Royal Academy in England, he mainly criticized English religion, politics, custom and people. Although it was published in French in France, Thomas Sprat, a reputed English scholar, wrote a fierce response which attracted lots of attention among English readers. Reputing most of Sorbiere`s arguments, Sprat`s Observations on Mons. de Sorbiere`s Voyage into England(1665) tried to undermine Sorbiere`s qualification as a scientist, a diplomat, and a royal subject of French King. The textual dissection of these two texts, however, reveals an interesting twist. Many parts of Sorbiere`s A Voyage to England was based on anonymously published pamphlet A Character of England(1659). This satiric pamphlet was full of criticism that attacked the religion, politics, and custom and manners of Englishmen before the Restoration. Although its author was disguised as a frenchman, it was written by John Evelyn, a close friend of Sprat. Interestingly, Sorbiere knew that the author was Englishman. Sorbiere, a Frenchman, appropriated Evelyn`s text to attack Englishness and Sprat criticized Sorbiere for his biased motive of appropriation. The character of Englishness was revealed and sometimes formulated in this process, and Sprat emphasized and even propagandized his version of Englishness in this dialogical relations. This article suggests that the Englishness that foreigners observed might have been a mere product coated over what Englishmen prepared for groundwork. Also, since England produced many informative raw materials about its own country, such as Camden` Britannia already in the 16th century, it was in a superior position in making of National Character.