강력범죄 우범자 관리를 위한 프로파일링 기법의 적용에 관한 연구 = A Study of the Application of Profiling Technique on Management of the Violent Criminal Bent

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A Study of the Application of Profiling Technique on Management of the Violent Criminal Bent

Sung-Mun Kim

Department of Public Administration
Graduate School, Kangwon National University


Abstract

Today’s Korean society began to face a new aspect of crime where itinerant criminals are getting younger and traveling wider areas: their crimes are also getting more serious and increasing in numbers. Indiscriminative and motiveless crimes such as serial killing, serial robbery and serial rape are increasing and being committed mostly by those with previous conviction records. This research confirms that, despite such increasing recidivism, the required observations on ex-convicts with possible repetition are often treated as formality by police and the overall supervision on crime-prone group has been inefficient.
There are two possible reasons of such failing supervision. One is unscientific standard on which such crime-prone group is selected and the other is inefficient methods of police observation.
As a solution to the problem this paper examined the application of a new profiling method that consists of psychological images of suspects, characteristics of modus operandi and after-arrest profiles. Criminal profile that contains psychological examination and interview record is believed to be effective in determining the possibility of recidivism. Following are some advantages of profiling for crime-prone group control that covers from selection to observation:
First, it provides a clear standard for selection. Profiling method singles out crime-prone group based on the possibility of recidivism, which, in turn, is based on psychoanalysis of criminal that looks for traits of personality disorder or aggressive behavior. This approach of profiling is apt for a new selection standard as it uses comprehensive psychological and pathological examinations of personality, along with the interviews by trained psychological investigators, whereas conventional method relies solely on criminal records.
Second, the possibility of recidivism is determined on a scientific basis. Korean police officially adopted PAI Index to measure crime propensity that appears in the form of anti-social personality, lack of confidence, aggressive personality and personality disorder. PAI Index can measure a person’s hostility, suspicion, psychological confusion and dejection through potential violence indicators. Thus, criminal profile lends a more scientific ground than subjective judgment of individual investigators.
Third, it allows an objective decision. Citizens, who are under obligation of obedience, are unlikely to approve the selection of crime-prone group that relies on investigator’s experience with criminal records. Public consensus will not allow any decision that lacks an objective and reasonable ground in the first place, even when they feel the need of crime prevention. Interviews and psychological examination by trained specialists can be viewed as scientific and objective method by the public as it allows reference to criminals’ personal history, human relationship for livelihood and will for rehabilitation that can affect the decision. Fourth, it enables police to conduct more efficient observation. Even when the possibility of recidivism was confirmed through the profile, each criminal’s triggering factors should be specified for effective observation. However, it is practically impossible for police to observe every ex-convict with possible recidivism. If an ex-convict keeps a healthy family life or relationships and no clear motive for any crime, he or she is less likely to repeats the crime. If this is the case, police just needs to keep the file instead of keeping a steady eye on the person. Thus, profile with interview records by psychological investigator not only helps determine the need of observation but also allows selective and intensive observation by eliminating unnecessary cases.
Despite all the benefits that profiling method can give, however, there exist legislative prerequisites for application. Crime prevention is legitimate duty of police: still, the control of crime-prone group should be reserved for the law to decide. Even with the Article of Authorization in the Law of Police Duty and Execution, police observation on a certain group of citizen can hardly satisfy the expectations of a welfare state where human rights are of supreme value, because such observation entails a possibility of human rights infringement. Moreover, when faced such objections, police work will be limited, making the observation work difficult to function.
Also needed are the improvement of statute of annulment and a close cooperation between related authorities. For example, court should be able to annul the sentence of a person with conviction record if he or she meets certain requirements by finishing a voluntary anti-recidivism program or by obtaining certain licenses. To this end, it is highly recommended to create a ‘groupware’ that oversees all the data of related authorities.
Finally, this research is intended to contribute to crime prevention by applying Korean model of profiling, which is a selective collection of various profiling methods, to the supervision of crime-prone group not just for criminal investigation but for anti-recidivism. However, this still nascent model needs more in-depth studies and data before it can allow a comparative study on various factors, such as aggressiveness and potential violence, according to the type of crime and criminal’s personality pattern. Accordingly, the research for this paper has its limitations and is mainly the analysis of correlation between recidivism rates and police supervision of crime-prone groups based on Beomjoebunseok (Crime Analysis). a periodical published by Korean police and prosecutors’ office and white books on recent cases of serial killers, together with the profiles of felony cases in Gangwon-do area during the last ten years.
While I regret that this research is mainly an application of theoretical predictions to the supervision of crime-prone group, I still believe the new approach would contribute to the improvement of current system, because more in-depth studies will be possible in the future with accumulation of at least five years of criminal profiling. In other words, this profiling method will be an enormous contribution to the various future studies of the cause and environment of crimes, criminal minds and crime prevention in Korean society.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론-------------------------------------------------1
• 1. 연구의 목적-----------------------------------------1
• 2. 연구범위와 방법-------------------------------------2
• Ⅱ. 우리나라의 우범자 관리실태 및 문제점------------------4
• 1. 강력범죄 우범자 현황--------------------------------4
• 2. 우범자 관리제도의 의의 및 중요성---------------------7
• 3. 현행우범자 관리 실태-------------------------------16
• 1) 우범자 선정과 관리--------------------------------16
• ⑴ 우범자 선정-------------------------------------16
• ⑵ 우범자 관찰 실태--------------------------------21
• 2) 우범자 관리의 새로운 모델-------------------------23
• 3) 실증사례 분석을 통한 새로운 우범자 관리 모델의 검토-26
• ⑴ 전국적인 사례 검토-------------------------------28
• ⑵ 강원지역 사례 검토-------------------------------32
• ⑶ 분석결과 ----------------------------------------33
• 4. 현행 우범자 관리의 문제점---------------------------36
• 1) 재범방지 효과 미흡--------------------------------38
• 2) 수사자료 활용효과 미흡----------------------------39
• 3) 원인---------------------------------------------40
• ⑴ 제도적 문제점------------------------------------40
• ① 법적근거 미약 ----------------------------------40
• ② 심사자료 미흡-----------------------------------41
• ③ 선정기준의 불합리-------------------------------42
• ④ 심사위원의 전문성 부족--------------------------43
• ⑵ 운영상 문제점------------------------------------43
• ⑶ 관리상의 문제점----------------------------------44
• 5. 우범자 관리의 문제점 해결을 위한 대안 모색-----------45
• Ⅲ. 강력범죄 프로파일링의 이론적 배경과 효용-------------47
• 1. 프로파일링의 개념과 적용범위-----------------------47
• 1) 프로파일링의 목적과 유형-------------------------47
• 2) 프로파일링의 적용범위----------------------------51
• 2. 범죄수사 프로파일링의 이론적 배경------------------61
• 3. 프로파일링의 선행연구 체계-------------------------82
• 1) 방법론적 고찰------------------------------------82
• 2) 선행연구의 이론적 근거---------------------------87
• 4. 프로파일링의 일반적 절차---------------------------97
• 5. 프로파일의 운용-----------------------------------99
• 1) 각국의 운용실태---------------------------------100
• 2) 한국의 운용체계와 전망---------------------------107
• 6. 범죄자 프로파일의 효용----------------------------112
• 1) 범죄자 프로파일의 특징---------------------------112
• ⑴ 검거 전 프로파일--------------------------------113
• ⑵ 검거 후 프로파일--------------------------------119
• ⑶ 인터뷰 및 성격․정신병리 검사결과 분석------------120
• ① 인터뷰의 목적과 중요성-------------------------121
• ② 인터뷰 기법-----------------------------------124
• ③ 성격․정신병리 검사결과 분석--------------------129
• ⒜ 검사의 필요성--------------------------------130
• ⒝ 검사의 이론적 배경---------------------------130
• ⒞ 검사기법의 종류------------------------------134
• ⒟ 한국경찰의 공식적인 검사기법-----------------134
• ⓐ PAI의 특징과 유용성-------------------------137
• ⓑ 적용대상-----------------------------------137
• ⓒ 검사지 구성--------------------------------137
• ⓓ 주요척도와 하위척도------------------------138
• ⓔ 임상적 해석--------------------------------140
• ⓕ 진단---------------------------------------142
• 2) 프로파일의 전산화-------------------------------168
• Ⅳ. 우범자 관리를 위한 프로파일링 기법의 적용방안-------171
• 1. 범죄자 프로파일의 활용가치------------------------171
• 1)우범자 선정을 위한 재범가능성 판단자료-------------172
• 2)범죄예방 및 재사회화 기여-------------------------176
• 2. 우범자 선정단계의 프로파일의 적용------------------179
• 1) 우범자 선정기준의 재정비-------------------------179
• 2) 심사위원회의 전문성 제고-------------------------182
• 3) 프로파일을 적용한 우범성향 진단-------------------183
• 4) 전산관리 그룹웨어 시스템 구축---------------------183
• 3. 우범자 관찰단계의 프로파일 활용--------------------184
• 1) 선결 요건---------------------------------------185
• ⑴ 근거법 제정-------------------------------------185
• ⑵ 형의 실효제도 개선------------------------------185
• 2) 우범자 관찰방법의 개선---------------------------186
• ⑴ 출소 전 관찰보호--------------------------------186
• ⑵ 보안처분제도 개선-------------------------------188
• ⑶ 임의관찰의 확대---------------------------------189
• ⑷ 사회교육 및 심리상담 연계-----------------------191
• ⑸ 관찰기록의 전산화-------------------------------194
• Ⅴ. 결론-----------------------------------------------195
• 참고문헌-----------------------------------------------198
• Abstract-----------------------------------------------204
• 부록
• <1>1998년~2007년(10년간) 강원도 강력사건 실증 분석사건
• 일람표--------------------------------------------208
• <2>1998년~2007년(10년간) 강원도 강력사건 프로파일-----208
• <3>범죄분석 보고서 견양-------------------------------248
• 표 목 차
• <표 2-1> 강력범죄 연도별 발생 검거상황-------------------5
• <표 2-2> 수용자 중 초범자와 재범자의 비교----------------5
• <표 2-3> 재범자의 재범기간 현황-------------------------6
• <표 2-4> 소년 범죄자의 전과현황-------------------------12
• <표 2-5> 우범자 심사기준 및 의결서----------------------17
• <표 2-6> 우범자 현황-----------------------------------19
• <표 2-7> 우범자 전산입력카드---------------------------20
• <표 2-8> 우범자 선정 기준별 분류현황--------------------35
• <표 2-9> 우범자 선정 및 관찰여부------------------------36
• <표 3-1> 프로파일링에 적합한 범죄유형-------------------60
• <표 3-2> 귀납적 프로파일링 기법과 추론------------------84
• <표 3-3> 연역적 프로파일링 기법과 추론------------------86
• <표 3-4> 무질서한 반사회적 범죄자의 프로파일------------88
• <표 3-5> 정연한 비사회적 범죄자 프로파일의 특성---------89
• <표 3-6> 유형별 성(性)적 살인 범행현장 특성의 비교-------90
• <표 3-7> 지리적 프로파일링에 고려하는 각종요소----------95
• <표 3-8> 범죄수법 전산조회----------------------------117
• <표 3-9> 주요척도와 하위척도 개관----------------------138
• <표 4-1> 개선 우범자 전산입력 카드---------------------181
• 그 림 목 차
• [그림 2-1] 우범자 관리의 새로운 모델---------------------24
• [그림 4-1] 우범자 관리 단계별 프로파일의 활용------------173