Reflections on the Encounter between Korean and the Third Civilization (Russian) in China = Reflections on the Encounter between Korean and the Third Civilization (Russian) in China

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Joseon dispatched to Ming and Qing China embassies every year according to the ``Chinese world order,`` which dominated the diplomatic relations between the 14th and the 19th century before the international law was invented. Beside diplomatic duties, those embassies were involved in cultural and economic activities. In Beijing they encountered with the western civilization as well as the Chinese civilization. Third was the Russian civilization, successor of the Catholic and the Byzantine civilizations. In this article, I reconstructed the details of the encounter between Joseon and the Byzantine (Russia), based on the Korean accounts of the travel to Beijing燕行錄and primary sources on the encounter written by Russians.