일본의 민주시민교육 = Japanese Social Studies as a Democtatic Citizenship Education

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study reviewed the change and the direction of Japanese social studies as a democratic citizenship education. The change process of Japanese social studies is divided four phases: pre-social studies, early social studies, grope and development, conversion. The distinctive feature of each phase is as follows. 1. pre-social studies phase(late 19th century-1945): This phase is congruent of the modernization period of Japan. For nation building, it were instructed that morals, geography, history etc., and uncritical and obedient `loyal subject` was stressed as ideal human being. But the progress of modernization needs spontaneous and active human being, the `public`, too. Various possibility and the limit were coexist in this phase, but for the advancement of war time. only `loyal subject` building education was remained. 2. early social studies phase(1945-1955): For bring up `democratic citizen`, GHO introduced social studies. Social studies was characterized by experience centered and problem solving subject. and a large number of local social studies plans existed and practiced. 3. grope and development phase(1955-1989): As an ideal human being, Nationalistic and anti-communistic `nation` or `public` was presented. This phase is charaterized as: conversion from experience centered subject to systematic. geography and history`s superior to civics. 4. conversion phase(1989-): `Japanese people in the world` is presented as new ideal human being in social studies. It is stressed that Japanese history and the understanding and affections of Japanese land. and the recognition of Japanese role in the world. and high school social studies is divided into geography-history and civics.