논문 : 오마르 하이얌의 『루바이야트』(Rubaiyat)에 나타난 "와인" 메타포 연구 = An Interpretation of "Wine" Metaphor of the Rubaiyat by Omar Khayyam

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Omar Khayyam is an important poet, philosopher, scientist in Sufism during the eleventh century in the circle of Persian literature. The quatrains of Omar, son of Abraham the Tentmaker, have been introduced into almost every language in the world. His name is especially well known in European literature mainly because of Edward Fitzgerald, who in Victorian times published a few of Omar Khayyam`s quatrains. His Rubaiyat on enjoying life and wine are main reasons for his admiration by whoever reads them. However, Khayyam`s praise of wine which really stands out in his Rubaiyat was mostly rhetoric or metaphoric and is not to be taken literally. The main purpose of this paper is to reinterpret the metaphor of wine in Khayyam`s Rubaiyat in the context of his philosophical thought. There is a long standing tradition of interpreting Khayyam`s poetry within Sufi context. Khayyam`s concept of wine is undoubtedly both the most significant and the most misunderstood aspect of his thought. Intoxication and wine bring together various aspects of Khayyam`s philosophy and offer a coherent and existential theory as to how one can encounter temporality, death, and suffering and still live a spiritually fulfilled life. Khayyam criticizes religious hypocrisy and the false ascetics. Using the metaphor wine and the term ``drunken-lover`` are hallmarks of his Sufism. The notions of wine have been used by most Sufi poets including Khayyam in the Islamic esoteric tradition which symbolically represents wine as ``divine ecstasy.`` Khayyam uses the imagery of wine as a ``mode of being,`` ``impermanence of life,`` ``eternity``; it is a way of being in the world which offers existential therapy for the perplexed. This paper emphasizes that Khayyam`s use of wine is as the ``wine of wisdom.`` This type of wisdom is neither achieved nor obtained through drinking wine. He rather claims that it is a type of wisdom that is acquired from years of contemplation and reflection upon the more significant questions of life. It is the wisdom of living well. This paper points out that Khayyam is trying to turn one`s attention from what is unstable and perishable to what is important in life. He does not call for hedonism but rather advocates renunciation of the world in the process of moral progress while leaving some room for the cosmic and existential determinism whose nature and purpose remain a mystery.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김윤식b, "한국근대작가론고" 일지사 1997

2 김균진b, "종말론" 민음사 1998

3 김균진c, "자연환경에 대한 기독교 신학의 이해" 연세대 출판부 2006

4 김진희, "윤동주의 저항시 이해와 교육 방안 연구" 한국시학회 (18) : 173-202, 2007

5 김균진a, "예수의 죽음이 어떻게 구원의 사건일 수 있나" 391 : 1989

6 김용직, "암흑기의 십자가-윤동주론in:한국현대시사2" 한국문연 1996

7 김윤식, "십자가와 별in:한국현대시론비판" 일지사 98-, 1996

8 윤동주, "사진판 윤동주 자필시고전집" 민음사 1999

9 김진희, "문학과 정치의 경계:저항시 장르와 문학사" 국제어문학회 (46) : 95-129, 2009

10 피츠제럴드, "루바이야트" 민음사 2005

11 마시모 도나, "디오니소스의 철학" 시그마북스 2010

12 마시모 도나, "디오니소스의 영혼" 시그마북스 2010

13 김옥성, "김현승 시의 종말론적 사유와 상상" 한국문학이론과비평학회 12 (12): 213-241, 2008

14 Aminrazavi,Mehdi, "The Wine of Wisdom: The Life, Poetry and Philosophy of Omar Khayyam"

15 FitzGerald,Edward, "The Quatrains of Omar Khayyam" Bardic Press 2005

16 Nasr,Seyyed Hossein, "The Islamic Intellectual Tradition in Persia" Curzon Press 1996

17 "The Art of Omar Khayyam: Illustrating FitzGerald's Rubaiyat" I.B. Tauris 2007

18 Qaraguzlū,A.Dh, "Omar Khayyam" Tehran Publisher 1379

19 Churton,Tobias, "Gnostic Philosophy" Inner Traditions 2005

20 Batmanglij,Najmieh, "From Persia to Nupa" Mage Publishers 2008

21 Parsa, Ali, "A. Rediscovery of Hakim Omar Khayyam" AJA Printing 1998

22 Garrard, Garry, "A Book of Verse: The Biography of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam" Sutton Publishing 2007