가족, 의례, 선정 = Family, Rituals, and Good Government - The Intellectual Formation of Zhu Xi’s Study of Rituals

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문은 주희 만년의 역작 ??의례경전통해儀禮經傳通解??의 사상적 형성과정을 추적한다. 주희는 ??주례周禮??를 ‘예경禮經'으로 인식했던 당시의 통념을 깨고 ??의례儀禮??를 예禮의 본령으로 삼았다. 또한 사대부의 예에 한정된 현전의 의례를 과감히 개편해 가례에서 향례로, 다시 방국례邦國禮와 왕조례王朝禮로 나아가는 상향적 경세經世의 이념을 담았다. 이러한 구성은 그가 전 생애에 걸친 점진적이고 지속적인 기획의 산물이었다. 주희는 20대 지방관 시절부터 민간예속의 교정을 위해 간소화된 예서의 보급을 추진했으며, 가족의례의 재정립을 위해 ??가례家禮??를 편찬했다. 나아가 신유학 교육의 이념을 밝힌 ??소학小學??을 재구성했다. 주희는 의례 중심으로 예학을 재편해 보편적인 도덕훈련의 방법을 밝혀, 궁극적으로 자율적인 도덕실천의 공동체를 구성하려 했다. 그 운동의 중심엔 자발적인 사대부 계층의 참여가 전제되어 있다. 체계적인 교화의 프로그램을 통해 도덕적 개인의 배출함으로써 아래로부터 탄탄하게 도덕의 공동체를 결성해 ‘평천하平天下’를 이루는 주희의 방법이었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In his late years Zhu Xi(朱熹; 1130～1200) began to restructure ancient classics of ritual into a fundamentally new compendium, the Comprehensive Interpretation of the Text of and Commentaries on the Yili(??儀禮經傳通解??). In it he recreated the text of the Yili by rearranging existing classics of ritual and later commentaries under the new categories of his own creation. This book is the final product of his life-long effort to systematize rituals as accessible guides for his contemporaries, and, therefore, reflects his general theory of ritual as well as his grand political visions of ordering the world.
In order to interpret the far-reaching implications of this book, this paper traces how Zhu Xi’s study of ritual evolved and materialized through a long period of his intellectual development. From the early years of his career Zhu Xi emphasized the necessity of simple and accessible manuals for elites and commoners alike. For this purpose
Zhu Xi removed arcane and outmoded rituals as irrelevant to his time through a meticulous study of rituals for simplification. The Family Rituals, which would later become the most influential manual in East Asian societies, was by no means the conclusion of his study of ritual. Zhu Xi continued to emphasize the necessity of reorganizing rituals for moral self-cultivation and education purposes in the Elementary Learning.
Finally, his life-long commitment to the study of ritual came to full flower in the Comprehensive Interpretation of the Text of and Commentaries on the Yili. In this work Zhu Xi articulates his political and social agenda: the grand Neo-Confucian project of ordering the world bottom-up by the initiative of morally autonomous individuals engaging in familial and communal projects within a dispersed network of local communities. With this grand compendium of ritual centered on the literati stratum, Zhu Xi sought to replace then widely-circulating, government-issued, court-centered manuals of ritual.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 요약문
• 1.『통해通解』와 예학禮學의 집대성
• 2. 주희 예학의 출발점
• 3.『가례家禮』편찬의 목적, 의의, 방법
• 4. 소학: 예의 훈련과 도덕의 내면화
• 5. 결론: 경세經世의 원리, 치국治國의 방법方法
• 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 "東方學報"

2 "朱熹集. in: 乞修三禮箚子" 四川敎育出版社 1996

3 "朱子語類"

4 吳展良, "朱子硏究書目新編 1900~2002" 臺灣大學出版中心 2005

5 束景南, "朱子大傳" 福建敎育出版社 1992

6 "小學集解"

7 "小學"

8 "宋史" 中華書局

9 "大學章句"

10 "『禮記』｢王制｣"

11 "『近思錄』｢朱子後序｣"

12 "『朱熹集』, ｢民臣禮議｣‧｢家禮序｣‧｢答張敬夫｣‧｢答汪尙書論家廟｣"

13 "『朱子集』, ｢答藩恭叔｣"

14 朱熹, "『儀禮經傳通解』(文淵閣四庫全書本), ｢儀禮經傳目錄｣"

15 Jaeyoon Song, "Tension and Balance: Changes of Constitutional Schemes in Southern Song Commentaries on the Rituals of Zhou"

16 Robert P. Hymes, "Statemen and Gentlemen :The Elite of Fu-Chou, Chiang-Hsi in Northern and Southern Sung" Cambridge University Press 1986

17 Benjamin Elman, "Statecraft and Classical Learning: The Rituals of ZhouinEastAsianHistory edited by" Brill 2009

18 Patricia Ebrey, "Education through Ritual. in: The Neo-Confucian Education : The Formative Stage"

19 Patrcia Buckley Ebrey, "Chu Hsi's Family Rituals" Princeton University Press 1991

20 Patrcia Buckley Ebrey, "Chu Hsi's Family Rituals" Princeton University Press 1991

21 M.T.Kelleher, "Back to basics: Chu Hsi's Elementary Learning" Uni.of California Press