바흐 작품의 재즈 연주에 관한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Jazz musicians have transcribed classical music into Jazz. Such Jazz musicians' music possesses unique charm that delivers deep emotion for the audience's pleasure.
As an earnest fan of this genre, my personal curiosity brought me into the main theme of this paper; how Jazz musicians have merged classical music into Jazz music as well as how musicians have overcome the difference in time period and transformed classical music into contemporary fusion. Among the classical music, I will focus on Baroque Music, in particularly Johann Sebastian Bach's music.
To identify the interrelationship between Bach's music and newly created Jazz, I will analyze the Jazz song <Fugue No. 9 in E Major in Book I> and <Italian Concerto> and compare them with the original versions of these songs. I believe these two pieces of Jazz music are based upon a good understanding of the original creations of Bach's music as well these two songs are creating new Jazz structures.
Before I go on to discuss the case study, I want to clarify the reason why I narrow down my study into Johann Sebastian Bach's music and its transcriptions into Jazz. First, the Baroque period music is fairly generous in improvisatory practice, melody and harmony, which are all one of the main characteristics of modern Jazz. Besides the musical similarity, Johann Sebastian Bach's music has been arranged by numerous artists and especially Jazz musicians. They have transcribed Bach into Jazz and have integrated his music into their work, creating a new musical style: Bach Jazz. Since Bach takes a great part of musical history and modern Jazz time as well, it is worthy to take a closer look at the comparison between the Bach's music and its transcriptions into Jazz to pursue my study.
The biggest difference between the original version of classical music and transcriptions into Jazz is the rhythmic construction. <Fugue No. 9 in E Major in Book I> and <Italian Concerto> use 4/4 beats, which is an important rhythmic element in 'Swing Jazz'. Also, syncopated rhythms create swing beats and the beats of Jazz. Syncopation is rarely used in Bach's original music. Syncopation is a distinguishing feature which gives swing beats and make the music more like Jazz and vary from the original two beats.
Also, the new Jazz style <Italian Concerto> has an intro at the beginning of the song, which is not in the original Bach version. In addition to the new intro, adding a solo part for the piano, this new jazzy <Italian Concerto> has the main element of Jazz: improvisation. While listening to <Fugue>, you will notice 32 bars that are not in the original version of <Fugue>. By adding 32 bars, jazz style <Fugue> gets more improvisatory and plays the main theme of the original as well.
In terms of harmony, using tensions (b9, #9, #11, b13), harmonic progression II->V->I, diminished chords, and substitute dominant chords make the music not only richer but also more jazz-like. In addition, a unique form of composition, using modulation helps to build music toward the climax with ease. We have narrowed our points to find the differences, however, with the broader view, there are important similarities. Sequences and pedal points, Bach's favorite musical techniques are still in Jazz style <Fugue No. 9 in E Major in Book I> and <Italian Concerto>. Also, the basic chords are sophisticated in the Jazzy version, yet the overall movement is almost identical. Again, Bach's transcriptions into Jazz have followed Bach's original harmony structures and articulation.
Since the advent of Jazz, Jazz musicians actively adopt and change classical music. In the time of Jazz, classical music is recreated by the hand of Jazz musician and interpreted with more "swings".
Passion for new arts, open-mindedness toward the essence, expression of music is some of the main elements that bridge the contemporary Jazz musicians over such a long period of time. Through these, Bach in 18th century dwells in the Modern Jazz Music.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

재즈로 해석된 클래식 곡들은 그들만이 가지는 독특한 느낌과 감정으로 음악적 감동을 전해주고 있으며, 이 때문에 적지 않은 애호가들의 관심과 사랑을 받고 있다. 그렇다면 본래 클래식 음악으로 창작되었던 자연스러움과 이를 재즈 버전으로 다르게 편곡한 새로움이라는 양립하기 어려운 두 과제를 재즈의 재해석화를 통해 어떻게 달성하고 있는지 본 연구를 통해 알아보고자 했다.
그러기 위해서 바흐 작품의 음악적 특성, 그리고 재즈와 클래식의 상호관계를 살펴보았다. 이러한 과정을 통해 재즈 연주자들이 의도하지 않았음에도 불구하고 재즈 속에 바로크 음악적 특성이 존재하고 있음을 확인하였고 또한 현대음악과 재즈가 끊임없는 상호작용을 통해 서로에게 중요한 음악적 영향력을 행사하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.
연구 방법으로는 바흐의 원작에 충실하면서도 성공적으로 재즈 양식으로의 전환을 이루었다고 판단되는 재즈 두 곡 <평균율 Fugue No. 9 in E Major in Book I>과 <Italian Concerto>를 선택하여 원곡과 비교 분석하여 보았다. 클래식 음악 사조 중 바로크 시대는 즉흥성, 멜로디 그리고 화성에 대한 관점이 비교적 자유스러웠기 때문에 이런 점에서 유사한 점이 많은 재즈와 접목 되었을 때 변화 과정과 결과물의 의미가 높을 거라 여겨졌다. 특히 바로크의 음악 중에서도 바흐의 음악은 재즈로의 번안 연주가 가장 활발히 이루어지는 소재이기도 하고 더 나아가 바흐 작품의 재해석은 시대와

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론
• 1. 연구의 목적 4
• 2. 연구의 범위와 방법 4
• Ⅱ. 바로크 음악과 재즈
• 1. 바로크 6
• 2. 바로크 음악의 즉흥적 요소 7
• 1) 음악 양식의 즉흥성 7
• 2) 숫자저음과 즉흥적 화성 8
• 3) 장식음의 즉흥적 사용 12
• 3. 재즈에 나타나는 바로크 음악의 영향 13
• 1) 재즈에 반영된 바로크 음악 13
• 2) 바로크 음악과 바흐 15
• 3) 바흐 음악의 재즈적 요소 19
• 4) 바흐 작품의 양식적 재해석화 사례 23
• III. 재즈로 연주된 바흐 25
• 1. 평균율 Fugue No. 9 in E Major in Book I 25
• 1) 형식 분석과 주?