평양지역 조선인자본가들의 조합 조직과 공업 발달 = Joseon Capitalists’ Organization of Cooperative Associations and the Development of Industry in the Pyeongyang area

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

During the colonial era, industry developed in the Pyeongyang area to a point where the city was often referred to as the ‘Osaka of Joseon’ or the ‘Kitakyushu of Joseon’. To this end, this study analyzes the locational conditions which made it possible for Pyeongyang to become an urban area and to achieve industrialization, while also delving more deeply into elements related to its industrial development. In addition, an attempt is also made to analyze the main factors that made it possible for Joseon people to bring about industrial development. More to the point, this study analyzes the manner in which Joseon capitalists were able to mitigate the competition in the form of foreign capital by amassing capital through cooperative associations and jointly responding to the problems which emerged during the production process.
Pyeongyang possessed all the conditions needed to become an industrial area: large-scale land on which to build factories, an abundance of cheap labor, access to industrial raw materials and cheap and enriched power sources and fuels, and well-developed transportation routes.
By the mid to late 1910s capitalist investment in the manufacturing industry in the Pyeongyang area had expanded to the point where the city not only reached the factory industry level of development, but also emerged as the leading industrial area in Joseon. To this end, there was during the 1920s a much greater ratio of Joseon people engaged in the industrial sector in Pyeongyang than was the case in Gyeongseong, another area which was regarded as boasting a high degree of industrial development.
Although limited to partial industries such as socks and rubbers, this phenomenon in which small and medium sized enterprises run by Joseon people emerged as the leading force in regional development was not replicated in other areas. One of the main reasons why small and medium-sized enterprises developed in the Pyeongyang area was the organization of a savings and loans association therein, a denouement which made it possible to secure the capital needed to establish factories. Few such cases of a savings and loans association being established to facilitate investment in the manufacturing industry and the establishment of factories have been uncovered in other areas.
In addition, attention must also be paid to the fact that the owners of factories and small domestic enterprises attempted to organize a production association in order to offset the serious competition they faced in terms of prices and product quality. However, the fact that Joseon people’s capital had already by this point begun to be diversified meant that these efforts to organize a production association, which required the concentration of capital and business cooperation, were doomed to fail. As such, a link can be established between these aggressive attempts on the part of Joseon capitalists to establish and develop factories and the fact that the Movement for the Promotion of Korean Products originated in Pyeongyang.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 머리말
• Ⅱ. 시가 형성과 입지조건
• Ⅲ. 공업의 발달과 조선인 공업의 양상
• Ⅳ. 조선인 공업자들의 조합 조직
• Ⅴ. 맺음말
• 〈ABSTRACT〉