Nonverbal communication across disciplines

목차 (Table of Contents)

• [Volume. Ⅰ]----------
• CONTENTS
• Preface = xiii
• Acknowledgements = xiv
• Introduction = xv
• CHAPTER 1 Culture, communication, and cultural fluency = 1
• 1.1 On defining culture = 1
• 1.2 Culture as a communication continuum : Active and passive, interactive and noninteractive forms = 3
• 1.3 Inherited habits and learned habits through time and space = 5
• 1.4 Sensible and intelligible systems in a culture = 8
• 1.5 The systematic analysis of a culture : The interdisciplinary model of culturemes = 10
• 1.6 Relationships among sensible and intelligible, somatic, extrasomatic and environmental systems = 15
• 1.7 The barriers of intercultural communication : The case of Tom = 17
• 1.8 Linguistic fluency and verbal and nonverbal cultural fluency : Behavioral alternatives and fluency quotient = 19
• 1.9 Verbal and nonverbal cultural fluency from within : Acculturation, epistolary communication, literary translation = 21
• 1.10 On the concept of verbal and nonverbal usage = 22
• 1.11 The semiotic-communicative processes of language and nonverbal systems in intercultural interaction = 24
• 1.12 Conclusion = 27
• 1.13 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 28
• CHAPTER 2 Language in the total communicative context of its interbodily and environmental systems = 31
• 2.1 Intersomatic communication in its cultural and environmental context = 31
• 2.2 The channels of intersomatic emission and perception in interaction : Direct and synesthesial perception of dynamic and static signs = 32
• 2.3 Light as an external agent for our interactive perception = 47
• 2.4 The importance of synesthesia and language among the other somatic systems in human and animals = 48
• 2.5 External somatic communication = 49
• 2.6 The communicative possibilities of body movements = 49
• 2.7 The concept of interactive articulations : Single and multiple = 52
• 2.8 Coding and interrelationships of verbal and nonverbal behaviors in interaction = 53
• 2.9 The basic interrelationships among nonverbal systems and language = 55
• 2.10 Toward a revision of the concept of redundancy = 59
• 2.11 Conclusion = 60
• 2.12 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 61
• CHAPTER 3 The audiovisual reality of interactive discourse : the speaking face = 63
• 3.1 The audiovisual production of speech : Permanent, changing, dynamic and artificial signs in the speaking face = 63
• 3.2 Breathing and communication : Lungs and bronchi = 74
• 3.3 The esophagus = 76
• 3.4 The larynx = 76
• 3.5 The pharynx = 78
• 3.6 The alveolar-palatal areas = 79
• 3.7 The dental areas = 81
• 3.8 The labial areas and the cheeks = 82
• 3.9 The tongue = 89
• 3.10 The mandible and the chin = 93
• 3.11 The nasal cavities = 95
• 3.12 The vowel sounds as degrees in tongue and lip position : Sound and gesture = 99
• 3.13 Conclusion = 100
• 3.14 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 100
• CHAPTER 4 Language-paralanguage-kinesics = 103
• 4.1 The basic triple structure of discourse : Language -paralanguage-kinesics = 103
• 4.2 The semiotic-expressive limitations of spoken words and the verbal-nonverbal expression of the ineffable = 104
• 4.3 The written word and the feasible 'orality' of writing = 108
• 4.4 Lexicality and grammaticality of paralanguage and kinesics and the other sensible systems = 110
• 4.5 New information, communicative economy, verbal deficiency, anticipation, and formal and semantic congruence = 111
• 4.6 The precarious reality of read discourse = 113
• 4.7 A brief introduction to verbal language, paralanguage and kinesics = 114
• 4.8 On intonation as communication = 117
• 4.9 Segmentable and nonsegmentable elements in the triple structure = 118
• 4.10 The ten realizations and mutual combinations of language, paralanguage and kinesics = 119
• 4.11 Ontogenetic and social development, spatial and temporal transmission, and balance and pathology in the triple structure = 121
• 4.12 The total conditioning background of the triple structure and of communication in general = 123
• 4.13 Conclusion = 130
• 4.14 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 130
• CHAPTER 5 Two applications of the basic triple structure model = 133
• I. THE TRANSCRIPTION OF INTERACTIVE DISCOURSE
• 5.1 The need for a realistic transcription of speech = 133
• 5.2 On the relevance of the registered signs and the risks of their omission
• 5.3 Two background models for the exhaustive organization of a transcription : Interaction and conversation = 135
• 5.4 The transcription of a conversational corpus = 139
• II. NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION IN FOREIGN- LANGUAGE TEACHING
• 5.5 The unrealistic classroom acquisition of a foreign language and the academic target of verbal-nonverbal fluency = 143
• 5.6 The acquisition of linguistic and cultural repertoires : Native learner versus foreign learner = 145
• 5.7 The presentation of paralinguistic material = 148
• 5.8 Illustration and drilling for paralinguistic instruction = 154
• 5.9 Distribution of the kinesic material = 155
• 5.10 The order of presentation of gestures, manners and postures = 156
• 5.11 Illustration and description of the kinesic material = 157
• 5.12 Classroom drills, tests, and course projects = 159
• 5.13 Beyond language acquisition : A course on 'Intercultural Awareness' = 160
• 5.14 Conclusion = 162
• 5.15 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 163
• CHAPTER 6 Nonverbal categories as personal and sociocultural identifiers = 165
• 6.1 The need to classify and label behaviors = 165
• 6.2 Emblems : Gestures for words = 167
• 6.3 Speech markers : The movements of our speaking = 171
• 6.4 Space markers : Pointing at what is present or absent = 177
• 6.5 Time markers : Past, present, future = 178
• 6.6 Deictics : Pointing at people, things and concepts = 179
• 6.7 Pictographs : Drawing with gestures = 183
• 6.8 Echoics : Imitating what sounds = 184
• 6.9 Kinetographs : Imitating what moves = 185
• 6.10 Kinephonographs : Imitating movement and sound = 186
• 6.11 Ideographs : Giving visual form to thoughts = 187
• 6.12 Event tracers : How things happened = 188
• 6.13 Identifiers : Giving visual form to concepts = 188
• 6.14 Externalizers : Our reactions made visual = 189
• 6.15 Self-adaptors : Contacting ourselves = 198
• 6.16 Alter-adaptors : Contacting others = 204
• 6.17 Body-adaptors : The intimates of our body = 211
• 6.18 Object-adaptors : Contacting objects = 219
• 6.19 Conclusion = 224
• 6.20 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 224
• CHAPTER 7 The structure of conversation = 227
• 7.1 The study of conversation : The configuration of the encounter and its interpersonal relationships = 227
• 7.2 Speaker's and auditor's initial behaviors = 233
• 7.3 Basic speaker-auditor turn-change behaviors = 234
• 7.4 Secondary turn-change bevahiors = 237
• 7.5 Listener-to-speaker behaviors Ⅰ : Feed back = 240
• 7.6 Listener-to-Speaker behaviors Ⅱ : Listener's secondary activities = 243
• 7.7 Speaker's secondary behaviors = 246
• 7.8 Interlistener behaviors = 248
• 7.9 Coinciding activities : Simultaneous behaviors and crossed conversations = 249
• 7.10 Acoustic and visual pauses or breaks = 253
• 7.11 Conversational fluency, ontogenetic development, reduced interaction, chronemics, and naturalness = 266
• 7.12 Conclusion = 268
• 7.13 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 269
• CHAPTER 8 Nonverbal communication in interpretation = 271
• 8.1 The total communicative approach to simultaneous and consecutive interpretation = 271
• 8.2 The verbal and nonverbal components in the interpretation situation : Basic systems = 272
• 8.3 The fate of nonverbal systems in interpretation = 275
• 8.4 The fate of the basic structure language-paralanguage-kinesics in interpretation = 278
• 8.5 Interpretation in the total context of personal and environmental interaction = 279
• 8.6 The relationships between verbal and nonverbal in interpretation = 281
• 8.7 Chronemics of interpretation = 284
• 8.8 Silence and stillness in the interpretation situation = 284
• 8.9 The exchange of nonverbal visual behaviors in interpretation = 285
• 8.10 The structure of conversation in interpretation = 288
• 8.11 Reduced interaction situations and the interpreter's responsibility = 292
• 8.12 Conclusion = 294
• 8.13 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 295
• Appendix = 297
• Notes = 305
• List of illustrations = 319
• Scientific references = 321
• Literary references = 347
• Index of literary authors and works cited = 355
• Name index = 359
• Subject index = 365
• Tables of Contents, Volumes Ⅱ and Ⅲ = 370
• [Volume. Ⅱ]----------
• CONTENTS
• Preface = XIII
• Introduction = XV
• CHAPTER 1 Paralanguage, Ⅰ : Primary qualities or basic personal voice features = 1
• 1.1 The development of paralinguistic studies and the definition of paralanguage and its categories = 1
• 1.2 Primary Qualities : Personal voice features = 2
• 1.3 Timbre = 4
• 1.4 Resonance = 4
• 1.5 Loudness = 5
• 1.6 Tempo = 8
• 1.7 Pitch = 9
• 1.8 Intonation range = 14
• 1.9 Syllabic duration = 16
• 1.10 Rhythm = 20
• 1.11 The visual representation of primary qualities and other paralinguistic phenomena = 20
• 1.12 Conclusion = 21
• 1.13 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 21
• CHAPTER 2 Paralanguage, Ⅱ : Qualifiers or voice types = 23
• 2.1 Introduction = 23
• 2.2 Breathing control = 26
• 2.3 Laryngeal control = 28
• 2.4 Esophageal control = 42
• 2.5 Pharyngeal control = 43
• 2.6 Velopharyngeal control = 45
• 2.7 Lingual control = 48
• 2.8 Dental control = 49
• 2.9 Labial control = 49
• 2.10 Mandibular control = 50
• 2.11 Articulatory control = 52
• 2.12 Articulatory tension control = 53
• 2.13 Objectual control = 53
• 2.14 External control = 54
• 2.15 Conclusion = 55
• 2.16 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 55
• CHAPTER 3 Paralanguage, Ⅲ : Differentiators, our eloquent physiological and emotional reactions = 57
• 3.1 Differentiators as a paralinguistic category, and their study = 57
• 3.2 Laughter = 59
• 3.3 Crying = 82
• 3.4 Shouting = 96
• 3.5 Sighing and gasping = 106
• 3.6 Panting = 117
• 3.7 Yawning = 118
• 3.8 Coughing and throat-clearing = 120
• 3.9 Spitting = 129
• 3.10 Belching = 135
• 3.11 Hiccuping = 136
• 3.12 Sneezing = 137
• 3.13 Conclusion = 139
• 3.14 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 140
• CHAPTER 4 Paralanguage, Ⅳ : Alternants, our vocabulary beyond the dictionary = 141
• 4.1 The nature and study of paralinguistic alternants = 141
• 4.2 Identified and unidentified alternants : Verbal and visual representation = 145
• 4.3 The inconsistency of written forms and the ambiguity of labels = 151
• 4.4 The paralanguage of comics : The challenge of soundgraphs and the communication problems and intercultural borrowings = 154
• 4.5 The categories of soundgraphs : Human, objectual, environmental, animal = 155
• 4.6 Phonetic classification of alternants and their paralinguistic and kinesic qualifiers = 159
• 4.7 Silent alternants = 164
• 4.8 Paralinguistic and kinesic qualifiers of alternants = 166
• 4.9 Functional classification of alternants for the preparation of cultural inventories = 171
• 4.10 The paralanguage of animal calling as an area of interdisciplinary research = 178
• 4.11 The communicative status of random alternants = 181
• 4.12 Conclusion = 182
• 4.13 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 182
• CHAPTER 5 Kinesics : Gestures, manners and postures = 185
• 5.1 Definition, nature, perception, functions, scope, and temporal dimension of kinesics = 185
• 5.2 The anatomical-communicative possibilities of body articulations : From zookinesics to anthropokinesics = 188
• 5.3 On the phylogenetic and ontogenetic development of kinesic repertoires and their evolution and social stratification = 192
• 5.4 Basic principles for kinesic research : Categories, morphology, parakinesic qualifiers and intrasystemic and intersystemic co-structuration = 195
• 5.5 Personal kinesic configuration = 203
• 5.6 Gestures, Ⅰ : Phrasing, simultaneity, congruence-incongruence, inter-masking = 205
• 5.7 Gestures, Ⅱ : Anticipatory, hidden, microkinesics, phonic, objectual = 208
• 5.8 The smile = 211
• 5.9 Manners : The style of our movements and positions and their perception and social norms cross-culturally = 213
• 5.10 Manners as research topics = 216
• 5.11 Postures : Our static and dynamic positions = 231
• 5.12 Gaze as kinesic behavior = 236
• 5.13 Touching people and things as kinesic behavior = 244
• 5.14 The methodology, limitations and problems of cultural and subcultural kinesic inventories = 246
• 5.15 Conclusion = 251
• 5.16 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 252
• CHAPTER 6 The sound co-activities of language : From audible kinesics to environmental sounds = 253
• 6.1 The need to study the sounds beyond speech : Bodily and environmental = 253
• 6.2 Audible kinesics or phonokinesics within interactive and noninteractive body movements, and the elaboration of a cultural inventory for each language = 254
• 6.3 The sound of self-adaptors : Hearing our contact with ourselves = 262
• 6.4 The sound of alter-adaptors : Hearing the contact between bodies = 263
• 6.5 The sound of body-adaptors and their intrapersonal and interpersonal dimensions = 265
• 6.6 The sound of object-adaptors : When things talk back to us as we touch them = 267
• 6.7 The sound of object-mediated activities : Audible body extensions = 269
• 6.8 The sounds of the environment as potential interaction components = 271
• 6.9 The echoic repertoires and the expressive richness of language = 272
• 6.10 The segmentality of audible movements = 274
• 6.11 Culture, history and ontogeny of audible corporal movements = 275
• 6.12 Conclusion = 278
• 6.13 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 278
• CHAPTER 7 Silence, stillness and darkness as the communicative nonactivities opposed to sound, movement and light = 281
• 7.1 Semiotic forms of silence and stillness in a culture and its environment = 281
• 7.2 Darkness and silence as opposed to light and sound = 293
• 7.3 Silence and stillness as an affirmation of culture = 296
• 7.4 The true status of silence and stillness in interaction = 297
• 7.5 The realistic approach to interactive pauses = 299
• 7.6 The coding of silence and stillness = 302
• 7.7 The functions of silence and stillness = 303
• 7.8 Qualifiers and intersystemic co-structuration of silence and stillness, and sound enhancement of silence = 310
• 7.9 Positive and negative functions of interactive silences = 316
• 7.10 Our attitude toward silence and cross-cultural differences and problems = 319
• 7.11 Conclusion = 321
• 7.12 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 322
• CHAPTER 8 The deeper levels of personal and environmental interaction : What happens or does not happen among people and between them and their environment = 325
• 8.1 The gaps and risks in the study of communication and the need for a realistic approach to interaction = 325
• 8.2 The components of interaction : Internal and external, personal, objectual, and environmental = 327
• 8.3 Neutral function and effective function of interaction components = 341
• 8.4 Sensory channels, time, vision, and synesthesia = 342
• 8.5 The intellectual evaluation of sensible signs = 343
• 8.6 Free and bound interactive components = 346
• 8.7 Momentary and permanent interactive components = 349
• 8.8 The qualifying features of interactive components : Location, intensity, duration = 350
• 8.9 The internal co-structurations of components with preceding, simultaneous and succeeding components = 352
• 8.10 The structure and depth of our daily mini-encounters = 358
• 8.11 Reduced interaction : Presence or absence of language, paralanguage, kinesics, and chemical systems = 361
• 8.12 Conclusion = 369
• 8.13 Topics for interdisciplinary research = 369
• Notes = 371
• List of illustrations = 391
• Scientific references = 393
• Literary references = 427
• Index of literary authors and works cited = 437
• Name index = 443
• Subject index = 451
• Contents Volumes Ⅰ and Ⅲ = 457