조선시대 승려들의 압록강 월경사건(越境事件) = Choseon`s(朝鮮) Buddhist Priests Who Crossed the Border of the Yalu River(鴨綠江)

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aims to create better understanding on the Buddhist policy of the Choseon Dynasty by examining a border incident which was committed by Buddhist priests of the time in the border of the Yalu River. Some Buddhist priests crossed the border of the Yalu River and entered into the Liadong(遼東) area. They crossed the border for these reasons; firstly, some of those monks who lived in the north of Ganggye(江界), Niseong(泥城), Uiju(義州) and Seonju(宣州) crossed the border pursuing some commercial benefits. Secondly, some other group of monks went to China to avoid the anti-Buddhist policy of the Choseon Dynasty. They planned to practice Buddhism in China with the support of Ming government. Thirdly, some monks crossed the border just to visit famous temples in the Liaodong area and see the beautiful sights of the area. Fourthly, some monks went to China to avoid the mandatory labor service to which they were assigned. And some criminals who disguised themselves as a monk crossed border to avoid punishment. Thus it is very important to elucidate identities of those Buddhist priests who crossed the border. On the other hand, a monk named Haeseon(海禪) who got arrested for crossing the border was sentenced to 100 strokes of flogging and then he was deported to Ungcheon to serve as a navy man. After King Seongjong`s era (1470~1494) the punishment for crossing the border got even more strict. The government enforced a law to keep Buddhist priests from crossing the border; to join the priesthood was regulated by Gyeonjeyukjeon(經濟六典). The government enacted the Buddhist registration law named Docheop(度牒) Buddhist priests in the capital and the rural area were supervised by governors of the area and they couldn`t leave their region freely. They could only travel when they had a pass on which the term of the trip was written. Buddhist priests were also watched by their neighbors and they were under instructions of a Buddhist superintendent titled Sackjangseungin(色掌僧人). Besides all of these regulations, the government removed every temple in a border area like Uiju, Sakju(朔州), Ganggye, Yeoyeon(閭延), Byeok-dong(碧潼), Changseong(昌城), Isan(理山), Insan(麟山), Jeongnyeong in the Pyeongan Province and Kyeonwon(慶源), Kyeongseong(鏡城), Kapsan(甲山) in the Hamgil Province and areas near the Yalu River. Buddhist Monks from these areas were sent to the southern part of the country.