1930년대 경주지역의 적색농민조합운동 = The Red Peasantry Movement of the Gyeongju Area in the 1930s

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is research on the Red Peasantry Movement of the Gyeongju area,which was led by several yangban (nobility) families in the region during modern times. They tended to be very conservative, so the people who belonged to the Red Peasantry Union were rarely from those yangban families which led regional opinion.
The Gyeongju area was not a favorable place for the Red Peasantry Movement.
From the 1920s, social movements were not so much promoted. This was because peasants in the region lived comparatively secure lives. The regional base on which the Red Peasantry Union would spontaneously be formed was weak. This was the background of the Red Peasantry Movement in Gyeongju which made student activists, native to Gyeongju who had returned from Seoul and Daegu, lead the regional movement.
The Red Peasantry Movement of the Gyeongju area began when Hyo Chul Kim organized a reading club in downtown Gyeongju in 1930. In 1932 Chil Seong Lee joined the reading club, which spurred the organization of the Red Peasantry Union. From September, 1932, he operated a night school at Seongji-ri, Cheonbuk-myeon, and actively began to organize the Red Peasantry Union hand in hand with members from the Son Family which originated in Gyeongju. He educated some Son family members in communist ideas. As a result, he succeeded in organizing a preparation committee for the Gyeongju Red Peasantry Union at Seongji-ri around March, 1933. Then he organized a preparation committee for the Gyeongju Red Peasantry Union in downtown Gyeongju in mid January, 1934. In late February, 1934, he held a comrade meeting of ‘the Dongji Hyeopuihoe’ which was an organization directing the Red Peasantry Union. Those who participated in the meeting included Chi Yong Lee and Su Bong Choi who were student activists.
After they formed the Red Peasantry Union in the Gyeongju area this way,they put the movement into practice. They implanted communist ideas by making an organization called the Iljeonhoe across Naedong-myeon. They began to attract some fishermen at Gampo-ri, Yangbuk-myeon.
However, the Red Peasantry Union was exposed and came to naught. Bong Ho Son destroyed the dragon lamp which was put up for the First Shilla Festival which was held from 24 to 28 of September, 1934. In the end, nine members of the union were tried for the conspiracy, which brought the Red Peasantry Union to an end.
The reason why the Red Peasantry Movement couldn’t be resumed was probably that the socio-economic situation of the peasants in the Gyeongju area was not suitable for the organization of the Red Peasantry Movement. As mentioned above, the peasants in the Gyeongju area lived considerably comfortable lives. Another reason was that Chil Seong Lee and other activists couldn’t promote their ideas due to the repression by the Japanese government in Korea.
Meanwhile, after the liberation from the Japanese occupation, some members of the Red Peasantry Union were found to promote communist ideas. This led to the conclusion that the Red Peasantry Union of the Gyeongju area in the 1930s was succeeded by the People’s Committee after the liberation from the Japanese occupation.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 강만길, "한국사회주의운동 인명사전" 창작과비평사 1996

2 김용달, "한국독립운동의 역사 28(농민운동)" 독립기념관 한국독립운동사연구소 2009

3 임경석, "파리장서 서명자 연구" 성균관대학교 대동문화연구소 38 : 2001

4 "중외일보"

5 "조선일보"

6 조동걸, "일제하한국농민운동사" 한길사 1979

7 지수걸, "일제하 농민조합운동연구－1930년대 혁명적 농민조합운동" 역사비평사 1993

8 "동아일보"

9 류시중, "국역고등경찰요사" 선인 2009

10 善生永助, "국역 慶州郡" 경주문화원·경주시 2008

11 경상북도경찰부, "고등경찰요사" 조선인쇄주식회사 1934

12 "赤色農民組合等組織事件" 朝鮮總督府 高等法院 檢事局 思想部 10 : 1937

13 朝鮮總督府, "朝鮮の小作慣行"

14 "昭和11年 刑公第214號 이칠성 등 판결문"

15 안소영, "8·15 직후 경북지방 인민위원회의 조직과 활동" 영남대학교 1995

16 김일수, "1930년대 경북지역의 조공재건운동과 혁명적 대중운동, In 한국근현대지역 운동사 Ⅰ" 여강 1993

17 손경희, "1920년대 경북지역 동양척식주식회사 및 일본인 농장경영" 13 : 2002