황재기 교수 정년퇴임 기념 논집 / 제 3 부 경제 도시 지리 / 한 미 대도시의 중심업무지구 변화에 관한 지리학적 비교연구 - 서울과 뉴욕을 사례로 - = In Honour of Prof. Jae-Ki Hwang Upon His Retirement / A Comparative Geographical Study on the Changes in Metropolitan Central Business Districts between Korea and U. S. A. : A Case of Seoul and New York

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to manifest the structure of the central business districts(CBDs) and their changes in Seoul and New York. In the era of information and service industry, CBDs are experiencing the great changes in their structure and functions. After the industrial revolution, the cities are experienced the rapid growth due to the cumulation of the manufacturing plants and commercial shops and service functions because larger cities usually provided well-equipped and better infrastructures along the Fordist`s principle that encouraged the mass production and consumption, which made maximum profit by minimizing the production cost. Central place functions are also cumulated toward the central business district to get the maximum demands from inside and outside of the city. But in the post-industrial era, most of the manufacturing plants in the larger cities are closed because the increase of the production cost and circulation or transportation cost due to the over cumulation. Development of the high technologies in transportation and communication, reshape the cities with multi-subcenters in the larger metropolis by the overcome the friction of distance. Lots of residents in the central cities are seeking the amenity and good environment and moned then residence by the car oriented suburbanization. Because lots of high-class and rich consumers live in the suburbs, the manufacturing plants, retail shops, and service workers also decentralized to get more demand and labor pool to follow the suburbanized population. So the remainders in the central cities are usually poor and less-skilled labor force in the Western countries. Among the central functions, the office functions in which specialists deal the information processing and analyzing, the decision-makers groups, and the class engaged managing the institutions are concentrating into the CBD`s new rebuilt buildings to access the information and capital in the world cities. New high technologies in communication and computer, transportation, and production which make the restructuring of economic activities and urban structures. Another critical changes in the society relating the urban restructuring, cultural and political activities of the cities are largely increased and become more important. In this study, the CBDs of Seoul and New York were delimited and compared with the size, function, and changes in the structure. The results of the restructuring of the CBDs were also compared between two cities to make clear the differences in cross-cultural and by the developmental stage along time serial axis. The main results of the study could be summarized as follows: 1. Both of the CBDs in Seoul and New York expand their geographical boundaries a little bit. The expansion were very small to compare the growth of the cities. Because two cities are developed as the multi-subcentered metropolitan area. In the CBDs in Seoul and New York, many highrise and intelligent buildings are newly constructed along the redevelopment process and in the suburbs, lots of suburban cities and communities are also constructed many post-modem styled buildings along the suburbanization process. Those processes are absorbed the increase of demand for the office space and the expansion of boundaries of CBDs. 2. Seoul is at the initial stage of construction of highrise buildings as the redeveloping process lately. Growth rate of CBD in Seoul was constrained by the urban planning law to prevent the over cumulation into Seoul, and the induced development of Gangnam(the Southern part of Han river), and Yeoeudo business district. The construction of the new buildings in CBD is the adjusting process for the demand of building space in the process of information and service industrialization. But in contrast to Seoul, Manhattan experienced the serious decrease jobs in manufacturing and retailing due to the decentralization and closure of work places along the process of service industriali