사회비교의 목표, 대상 및 결과가 비교대상의 선택에 미치는 영향 = Effects of Social Comparison Goal, Target, and Outcome on Choice of Comparison Target

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

On the basis of the self-regulation theory of social comparisons processes(Hahn, 1999, Hahn & Jang, 2003), we investigated the effects of social comparison on the choice of comparison target through an experiment. A 2(Social comparison goal: self-promotion/self-protection) × 2(comparison target: upward/downward) × 2(comparison outcome: success/failure) complete factorial design was used. Dependent measure was the choice frequency of each comparison targets. One hundred and twenty college students were randomly assigned to one of 8 experimental conditions. The main hypotheses were confirmed. The results were as follows: 1) More upward social comparison targets were chosen in the self-promotion goal condition than those in the self-protection goal condition, 2) more downward social comparison targets were chosen in the self-protection goal condition than those in the self-promotion goal condition, 3) More upward social comparison targets were chosen in the self-promotion goal/upward comparison/success outcome condition than those in the self-promotion goal/downward comparison/success outcome condition, and 4) More downward social comparison targets were chosen in the self-protection goal/failure outcome condition than those in the self-protection goal/success outcome condition. Finally, the results and the limitations of this study were discussed in terms of the previous studies. And the implications for future studies were added.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

사회비교의 자기조절과정이론에 근거하여 사회비교의 목표, 비교대상 및 비교결과가 비교대상의 선택에 미치는 영향에 관한 가설들을 도출하고 이를 실험을 통해 검증하였다. 2(사회비교의 목표: 자기향상/자기방어) × 2(비교대상: 상향/하향) × 2(비교결과: 성공/실패)의 삼원 완전무선 요인설계였으며, 주종속치는 비교대상을 선택한 빈도였다. 전체 120명의 자료를 분석한 결과에서 중요한 가설들이 지지되었다. 구체적으로 살펴보면 자기방어의 목표를 설정한 조건보다 자기향상의 목표를 설정한 조건에서 상향비교의 대상을 선택한 빈도가 유의하게 더 높았고, 자기향상의 목표를 설정한 조건보다 자기방어의 목표를 설정한 조건에서 하향비교의 대상을 선택한 빈도가 유의하게 높았다. 또한 자기향상의 목표를 설정하게 되면 하향비교하여 성공한 조건보다 상향비교하여 성공한 조건에서 상향비교의 대상을 선택한 빈도가 유의하게 높았다. 그리고 자기방어의 목표를 설정하게 되면 성공한 조건보다 실패한 조건에서 하향비교의 대상을 선택한 빈도가 유의하게 높았다. 본 연구의 제한점과 결과를 선행연구들과 비교하여 논의하고, 끝으로 장래 연구과제도 논의하였다.

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