중국의 국방정책과 군사력 동향 = A Study on China's Military Policy and Military Power

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

To obtain his security and pursue an actual profits, China's foreign policy focuses that the adjacent countries are not able to threaten China, and China's keynote of policy is to maintain the socialism and drive reform and opening policy.
The reason why China's change the policy on the Korean Peninsula is complex situation such as the change of the political situation, China's change of policy and the economic growth and the Nordpolitik drive of the Republic of Korea.
The principles of policy of Hu's new leadership on the Korea Peninsula are as follows; maintaining the status quo around the Korean Peninsula, pursuing the balanced policy on South-North Korea, pursuing the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, pursuing the positive role after breakup of the Cold War structure and preventing China from conducting the strategic posture passively.
China's national objectives are "accomplishment of modernization, achievement of unification, opposition to hegemony and ensuring national security."
In order to accomplish national objectives, China drives the objectives and mission by 3 steps so as to improve the national defense and military power, maintain the national security and unification and establish the thriving society in all its aspects.
First step is to prepare for high-tech local warfare through improvement of strategical nuclear weapons and conventional weapon system in the late 20th century. Second step is to establish the perfect missile defense system through the construction of dual air defense system until 2030. Third step is to become a real military power which make China be able to command the maximum deterrence strategy through obtaining the nuclear war potential equal to USA and Russia's and developing the world-level munitions industry until 2050. In the past, China's concept of military strategy were as follows; First was Mao's "war conducted by people" strategy. China understood that the significance of weapon in war can not be neglected but finally the victory and defeat of war is up to human sources. Second was "the active defense" strategy. In 1980s, China replaced "war conducted by people" strategy with "the active defense" strategy, because "war conducted by people" strategy was not suited for the economic matters and defense circumstances. The principles of "the active defense" strategy is as follows; To achieve the final victory by counteroffensive operation, China must conduct a war of attrition, "war conducted by people" and the flexible mobile warfare. Third was "war conducted by people" strategy under the condition of modernization. China thought that there was not going to be the external threats, thus the People´s Liberation Army supported the economic development and the military modernization through reduction of the personnel and budget.
Based on the goal of employment of military force and China's new defense policy, we can infer that China's military objective are the deterrence, defense, assertion, demonstration, expansion and revolution.
China stated clearly in the 2004 white paper on national defense that China would neither pursue the expansionism nor compete for hegemony. But the many superpowers which pursued the expansionism historically planed to enhance the national prosperity and defense at first, then they used to pursue the expansionism after their excess of power. The evidence that China pursues expansionism is as follows; when China proclaimed the new territorial waters law in March 1992, China included Diaoyudao and the separate archipelago as the part of his country. China organized the Quick Reaction Force(QRF) and constructed the naval supply and maintenance base in Myanmar and the air base in Xisha archipelago.
China used the term of "China's characteristic military transformation" in 2004 white paper on national defense for the first time. The term means that China have to basically improve the Chinese armed forces for future-oriented high-tech war potential
There are a lot of reasons for China' military transformation. First reason is the economic growth. China made the economic growth by 10% every year since China had driven the reform and the open policy in 1978. Thus China started to reinforce the military power by the reason of this economic growth. Second reason is the lift of nationalism in China. China' response on the Taiwan Strait crisis from 1995 thru 1996 and US plane bombing the Chinese embassy in Yugoslavia by mistake and recent dispute of history and dominion between China and Japan showed the nationalism prevailing. The prevalence of nationalism makes China choose the policy that include the aspiration for the stronger nation, thus this drove China into reinforcing military power. Third reason is the domestic political matters. Zhiang who didn't have the military career in promised to increase the budget for military affairs for obtaining the military support owing to the decrease of power as the political leader and the increase of military specialization requirements. Fourth reason is the countermeasure for US intervention strategy. The anti-terrorism conducted by US around the world is headed for the strategical envelopment of China since 2001. China recognizes the hegemonic policy of intervention by US increases and US executes the military containment against China, thus the military modernization is necessary to countermeasure US strategy.
The concepts of China's military modernization are the following;
First, focusing on the large-scale downsizing of the ground forces, simplifying the chain of command of navy and of air force and reinforcing QRF. Second, improving the long-range operation capability, the air defense/anti-ship defense capability and the operability by submarine. Third, improving the long-range air operability through the import and domestic production of the hi-tech fighter and obtainment of AWACS(Airboren Warning and Control System) and the aerial refueling system. Fourth, reinforcing the strategic missile capability for pressing down the regional hegemony.
In conclusion, our counter-strategy is as follows;
First, we have to develop the systematic evaluation and countermeasure for China's policy toward the reunification of the Korean Peninsula.
Second, we have to revitalize the dialogue and interchange with China and dealing with the policy toward China in the long-run and comprehensively considering relations with China after the reunification of the Korean Peninsula.
Third, we have to develop the policy and counter-strategy to diminish China's anxiety about the change of the characteristics of ROK-US alliance and the reunification of two Koreas.
Fourth, the cooperation and dialogue is important to improving the relation with China. But, we have to prepare for the state of emergency and the most possible military threats of China are the maritime conflicts and the threat of Sea Lines of Communications(SLOC). Thus, we have to prepare for the maritime conflicts and the military threat of SLOC through reinforcing the naval force in Yellow/South sea and obtain the selective retaliation capability at a minimum by placing the mobile strategic reserve on shore along Yellow sea.
Fifth, obtaining the early warning capability and reinforcing the long-range strategic airforce supportability.
Sixth, we have to make the main islands in southwestern sea the strategic islands(the military base)
Seventh, We have to prepare for military intervention in the Korean Peninsula by China. Thus, pursuing military cooperation between ROK and China and the increase of interchange.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT = iii
• 제 1 장 서론 = 1
• 제 1 절 연구의 목적 = 1
• 제 2 절 연구의 범위와 방법 = 2
• 제 2 장 중국의 안보환경과 대외정책 = 5
• 제 1 절 중국의 안보환경 = 5
• 제 2 절 중국의 대외전략 = 8
• 제 3 절 대한반도 정책과 신추세 = 12
• 제 3 장 중국의 국방정책과 군사전략 = 22
• 제 1 절 후진타오 정권의 국방정책 = 22
• 제 2 절 군사전략 형성과정 = 30
• 제 3 절 현대 중국의 군사전략 목표 = 37
• 제 4 장 중국 군사력의 변화 = 43
• 제 1 절 군사력 변화 배경 = 43
• 제 2 절 중국군의 현대화 추진 동향 = 49
• 제 5 장 결론 = 71
• 참고문헌 = 75