다문화주의 담론: 사회의식의 변화와 다문화적 가치의 실현 -『해는 또다시 떠오른다』를 중심으로 = Discourse on Multiculturalism: Change of Social Consciousness and Realization of Multi-cultural Values in Ernest Hemingway’s novel The Sun Also Rises

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper deals with Discourse on Multiculturalism: Change of Social Consciousness and Realization of Multi-cultural Values in Ernest Hemingway’s novel The Sun Also Rises. The novel raises the issues of absurd society and its individualism and immorality, individual or collective selfishness, and cultural conflict and identity problems among isolated characters. The main character of this novel are Jake Barnes, his lover Brett Ashley and his friends Bill Gorton, Mike Campell. They have revealed to the world their secular deviance and meaningless life come from lack of awareness as members of society and inability to direct individual lives and recognize cultural diversity.
Jake and his friends live in the absurd society after the first world war.
Their relationships are very superficial and immoral, so they don't trust one another and fight meaninglessly. Jake, however, tries to continue to keep a good relationship with Brett only for himself. Brett is also indulged in immoderate sex and drinking to forget her traumas from war and her marriage failure.
She refuses Jake's proposal to live together and leaves him to have inappropriate relations with Pedro Romero. Mike is a bad drunk and Cohn is also a Jewish shy novelist having a sense of inferiority. Mike is engaged to Brett and Cohn has a romantic relation with Brett. All the characters have a big trouble adjusting themselves in the unstable and inhumane society.
But Jake has changed to restore his self-respect and self-control by reflecting on his individualistic way of life. That's why he is much interested in how to live. He advises Brett and his friends to lead a new life based on communication and integration, morality. Especially Brett decides to come back to Jake and makes up with him. Mike and Cohn understand Jakes's ideas and start a new life. Jake, Brett and his friends improve their relations and show the multi-cultural identity sublimated to recognition and coexistence. They can gain individual freedom and freedom of conscience to change and modify the current immoral way of life in a rational way. The author stressed that his individualism consciousness is spreading into multiculturalism in that these characters are able to correct their social and cultural identity by linking each individual's right choices in life with freedom and social responsibility.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

어니스트 헤밍웨이는 『해는 또다시 떠오른다』에서 남녀작중인물의 성 문화와 극단의 개인주의, 문화적 정체성과 다문화주의, 개인의 자유로운 선택과 책임 그리고 도덕률 등 다양한 문제를 다루고 있다. 남자주인공 제이크반스, 여자 주인공 브렛 애술리 등 작중인물들이 이기적인 개인적 인관관계와 배신행위, 이후 상대방을 인정하게 되는 상호 관계회복의 과정을 사실적으로 묘사한다.
미국인 신문기자 제이크는 첫 결혼에 실패한 영국여자 브렛을 사랑한다.
그는 전쟁에서 받은 상처로 그녀와의 육체적 사랑이 불가능함에도 서로 만나고 같이 시간을 보내는 것으로 충분히 사랑을 즐길 수 있다고 말할 만큼자기중심적인 개인주의에 매몰되어 있다. 브렛은 제이크의 이러한 금욕적인 사랑을 거부하고 돈 많은 건달 마이크, 로버트 그리고 열정적인 열아홉살의 잘 생긴 투우사, 로메로와 사랑의 도피행각을 벌인다. 그러나 제이크는시대적 혼돈과 무질서에 잠깐 동안 매몰되지만, 전쟁의 상흔, 허무와 좌절에빠진 삶으로 무너진 자존을 회복하고 브렛과 그의 친구들과의 삐뚤어진 인간관계를 개선하고 그들을 인간적으로 포용하면서 다문화주의에 기초하여차이를 이해하고 존중하는 자유롭고 책임 있는 삶을 살아가고자 한다.
제이크의 올바른 삶의 방식과 포용력은 그의 동료 친구들과의 우정에서무엇이 올바른 삶의 가치인지를 평가하고 배울 수 있게 해준다. 제이크의관용과 화해의 태도는 또한 브렛과의 가식 없는 솔직한 인간관계회복에서도 잘 나타나고 있다. 제이크는 자신의 올바른 인생의 가치가 무엇인지를깨닫고 돌아온 브렛을 포용하는 관용과 용서를 실천한다. 헤밍웨이는 작중인물의 삶에서 완성되어 가는 자유와 책임, 용서와 화해로 승화된 문화적정체성을 이루어 이를 기조로 둔 다문화사회의 비전을 우리에게 다가들게한다.

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