Eco-efficient materials for mitigating building cooling needs : design, properties and applications

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• List of contributors = xi
• Woodhead Publishing Series in Civil and Structural Engineering = xiii
• Foreword = xvii
• 1 Introduction to eco-efficient materials to mitigate building cooling needs / F. Pacheco-Torgal = 1
• 1.1 Climate change and urban heat islands(UHIs) = 1
• 1.2 Adaptation to climate change and mitigation of UHI effects and of building cooling needs = 2
• 1.3 Outline of the book = 5
• References = 7
• Part One : Pavements for mitigating urban heat island effects = 11
• 2 Coating materials to increase pavement surface reflectance / N. Xie ; H. Wang ; D. Feng = 13
• 2.1 Introduction = 13
• 2.2 Organic polymers used as coating overlay materials for pavements = 15
• 2.3 Inorganic material used as polymer fillers to increase reflectance = 20
• 2.4 Aggregate materials with high reflectance = 31
• 2.5 Future trends = 32
• Acknowledgments = 32
• References 33
• 3 Pavements made of concrete with high solar reflectance / F. Reza ; K. Boriboonsomsin = 37
• 3.1 Introduction = 37
• 3.2 Materials for high solar reflectance concrete = 40
• 3.3 Heat transfer in pavements = 49
• 3.4 Other potential benefits of high solar reflectance concrete = 52
• 3.5 Modeling the benefits of widespread use of high solar reflectance concrete = 54
• 3.6 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED) credit = 57
• 3.7 Other resources = 59
• 3.8 Future trends = 60
• References = 60
• 4 A comparison of thermal performance of different pavement materials / H. Li = 63
• 4.1 Introduction = 63
• 4.2 Albedo of pavement materials = 63
• 4.3 Thermal properties of pavement materials = 81
• 4.4 Surface temperature of pavement materials = 86
• 4.5 Near-surface air temperature above pavement = 96
• 4.6 Thermal impact of pavement on nearby building wall surfaces = 109
• 4.7 Heat flux from pavement = 120
• 4.8 Potential impacts and future trends of pavements = 122
• 4.9 Conclusions = 122
• References = 123
• Part Two : Facade materials for reducing cooling needs = 125
• 5 Green facades and living walls : vertical vegetation as a construction material to reduce building cooling loads / I. Susorova = 127
• 5.1 Introduction = 127
• 5.2 Plant cooling mechanisms = 133
• 5.3 Effective thermal resistance of a plant layer = 140
• 5.4 Building energy savings with vegetated facades = 142
• 5.5 Additional benefits of vegetated facades = 147
• 5.6 Future trends = 149
• 5.7 Sources of further information and advice = 150
• References = 151
• 6 Comparison of the performance of different facade materials for reducing building cooling needs / N.L. Alchapar ; E.N. Correa = 155
• 6.1 Introduction = 155
• 6.2 Selection of sample unit = 156
• 6.3 Test and instrumentation = 158
• 6.4 Materials thermal behavior : their impacts on building design decisions and energy consumption = 161
• 6.5 Conclusions and future trends = 187
• Acknowledgments = 192
• References = 192
• 7 Lotus ceramics for counteracting urban heat island effects / K. Okada = 195
• 7.1 Introduction = 195
• 7.2 Porous ceramics with a similar microstructure to the root of the lotus = 196
• 7.3 Properties of lotus ceramics = 202
• 7.4 Passive cooling wall using lotus ceramics for counteracting urban heat island effects = 208
• 7.5 Ideas for further enhancing cooling effects using the capillary rise property = 209
• Acknowledgements = 211
• References = 211
• 8 Innovative evaporative cooling walls / A. Carbonari ; B. Naticchia ; M. D'Orazio = 215
• 8.1 Introduction = 215
• 8.2 Scientific background = 215
• 8.3 Fundamentals of evaporative cooling = 219
• 8.4 Design of an evaporative cooling wall = 224
• 8.5 Future trends = 235
• 8.6 Sources of information and advice = 236
• 8.7 Conclusions = 237
• References = 237
• Part Three : Roofing materials for reducing building cooling needs = 241
• 9 High-albedo roof coatings for reducing building cooling needs / A.L. Pisello = 243
• 9.1 Introduction = 243
• 9.2 Physical characteristics of high-albedo roof coatings = 244
• 9.3 Thermal-energy assessment of high-albedo roofs = 246
• 9.4 How to measure high-albedo properties of roof coatings = 249
• 9.5 Benefits of high-albedo roof coatings = 254
• 9.6 Materials and techniques = 257
• 9.7 Aging and weathering of high-albedo roof coatings = 262
• 9.8 Conclusions = 263
• Acknowledgments = 264
• References = 264
• 10 Solar cooling with hydrophilic porous materials for reducing building cooling needs / D. Karamanis = 269
• 10.1 Introduction = 269
• 10.2 Hydrophilic porous materials = 271
• 10.3 Water vapor adsorption on hydrophilic porous materials and their solar interaction = 282
• 10.4 Solar evaporative cooling = 294
• 10.5 Future trends = 300
• Acknowledgements = 301
• References = 301
• 11 Cool green roofs for reducing building cooling needs / B.-S. Lin ; Y.-J. Lin = 307
• 11.1 Introduction = 307
• 11.2 Green roof types = 309
• 11.3 Materials and properties = 311
• 11.4 Design principles for reducing cooling needs = 315
• 11.5 Future trends = 320
• References = 322
• 12 Influence of vegetation damage on urban cooling effects / A. Speak = 325
• 12.1 Introduction = 325
• 12.2 The urban system = 326
• 12.3 Causes of vegetation damage = 328
• 12.4 Consequences of vegetation damage = 334
• 12.5 Damage prevention techniques = 338
• 12.6 Conclusion and future trends = 341
• 12.7 Sources of further information = 343
• References = 343
• 13 Technical and economic analysis of green roofs to reduce building cooling needs / F. Ascione ; N. Bianco ; R.F. De Masi ; F. de Rossi ; G.P. Vanoli = 349
• 13.1 Introduction : international framework in matters of energy efficiency in buildings = 349
• 13.2 Behaviours of green roofs : heat transfer phenomena and literature state of the art = 350
• 13.3 Criteria for suitable feasibility studies = 352
• 13.4 Presentation of the case studies = 356
• 13.5 Results and discussion = 362
• 13.6 Rainwater harvesting systems for improving the economics of green roofs = 373
• 13.7 Conclusions and future trends = 375
• References = 376
• Part Four : Phase-change materials(PCMs) and chromogenic smart materials for reducing building cooling needs = 379
• 14 Phase-change materials for reducing building cooling needs / L.F. Cabeza ; L. Navarro ; C. Barreneche ; A. de Gracia ; A.I. Fernández = 381
• 14.1 Introduction = 381
• 14.2 Phase-change materials = 382
• 14.3 Eco-efficient phase-change materials = 384
• 14.4 Phase-change materials as a tool to mitigate building cooling demands = 386
• Acknowledgments = 398
• References = 398
• 15 Nanomaterial-embedded phase-change materials(PCMs) for reducing building cooling needs / R. Parameshwaran ; S. Kalaiselvam = 401
• 15.1 Introduction = 401
• 15.2 Nanomaterials for thermal energy storage = 402
• 15.3 Enhanced thermophysical property attributes = 411
• 15.4 Thermal energy storage properties of nanomaterial-embedded PCMs = 413
• 15.5 Scope for future research = 435
• Acknowledgments = 435
• References = 435
• 16 Fenestration for reducing building cooling needs : an introduction to spectral selectivity, thermochromics, and electrochromics /C.G. Granqvist = 441
• 16.1 Introduction = 441
• 16.2 Light, solar energy, thermal radiation, and more = 441
• 16.3 Eco-efficient glazings with static properties = 445
• 16.4 Chromogenic glazings : thermochromics = 451
• 16.5 Chromogenic glazings : electrochromics = 460
• 16.6 Comments and conclusions = 465
• Acknowledgment = 466
• References = 467
• 17 Electrochromic glazing and walls for reducing building cooling needs / M. Pittaluga = 473
• 17.1 Introduction = 473
• 17.2 The building envelope as a dynamic organism = 473
• 17.3 Electrochromic materials for the building envelope = 478
• 17.4 Research in the field of electrochromic glazing = 481
• 17.5 Future trends and innovative applications = 493
• References = 497
• 18 The impact of electrochromic windows on the energy performance of buildings in Mediterranean climates : a case study / P.F. Tavares ; A.R. Gaspar ; A.G. Martins ; F. Frontini = 499
• 18.1 Introduction = 499
• 18.2 Methodology for electrochromic(EC) energy performance assessment = 500
• 18.3 Case study = 504
• 18.4 Conclusions = 518
• Acknowledgments = 520
• References = 524
• Appendix : nomenclature = 524
• Index = 525