Effects of brisk walking with or without music on body composition, standing balance, cardiovascular parameters, and salivary biomarkers in older women

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed to assess and compare changes in body composition, standing balance, cardiovascular parameters, and salivary biomarkers, particularly salivary antioxidant status, after brisk walking training with or without music in older women. Twenty-four subjects were randomly assigned to brisk walking groups: with music (BWM) (n= 12) or without music (BW) (n= 12). Eighteen subjects completed the exercise training (9 in each group), and their data were used for analysis. The research protocols were classified into three phases: pretraining phase, training phase, and posttraining phase, while the data collection was divided into four sessions: resting condition, during treadmill exercise testing, immediately posttreadmill exercise testing, and 5-min posttreadmill exercise testing defined as after the cool-down session. The results showed that 8 weeks of home-based brisk walking with or without music did not improve standing balance, blood pressure, salivary biomarkers including total protein concentration, and antioxidant status but maintained or prevented the decline of these parameters. Only the BWM group reduced fat mass relative to increasing fat-free mass (P< 0.05) and improved recovery heart rate (P< 0.05) by modifying cardiac autonomic control in posttreadmill exercise testing. Therefore, brisk walking with preferred music can be a tool to delay the progression of cardiovascular dysfunction in older women. A longer duration of the exercise program and larger groups of participants are needed for further investigation of brisk walking with or without music on physiological and biochemical changes.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract
• INTRODUCTION
• MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Participants
• Study and exercise protocols
• Music tempo and song selections
• Measurement variables
• Measurement of the body composition
• Measurement of the standing balance
• Measurement of the cardiovascular variables
• Salivary collection, preparation, and storage
• Measurement of the salivary flow rate and salivary pH
• Chemicals
• Measurement of the salivary biomarkers
• Statistical analysis
• RESULTS
• Baseline characteristics of participants
• Changes in the BMI and body composition
• Changes in the standing balance
• Changes in the HR and blood pressure
• Changes in HR variability
• Changes in the salivary flow rate and salivary pH
• Changes in the salivary total protein concentration and salivary antioxidant status
• DISCUSSION
• CONFLICT OF INTEREST
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• REFERENCES