Based on the petrochemical industry, various polymer materials have been synthesized since the 1950s. And today, the problem of plastic waste disposal is emerging all over the world. Among them, polyethylene terephthalate(PET) based on ester bonds occ...
Based on the petrochemical industry, various polymer materials have been synthesized since the 1950s. And today, the problem of plastic waste disposal is emerging all over the world. Among them, polyethylene terephthalate(PET) based on ester bonds occupies the largest proportion in plastic waste. Recently, starting with IsPETase, PET degradation enzymes such as leaf-branch compost cutinase(LCC) have been discovered in nature, and a method for decomposing PET waste is attracting attention. Furthermore, in terms of enzymatic engineering of these enzymes, studies to improve PET degradation-activity, which degrade PET to terephthalic acid(TPA), are also in the spotlight. However, to date, high throughput screening(HTS) for PET degradation-activity comparison of PET degradation enzyme mutants has not been reported properly.
In this study, two activity analysis method and screening system based on Escherichia coli, which will be the basis for the development of HTS for the comparison of PET degradation-activity in the future, were attempted.
First, TPA was synthesized with a fluorescent substance, 2-hydroxyterephthalate(HOTP), and then detected in vitro. It uses the principle that a hydroxyl radical combines with TPA to become HOTP. Hydroxyl radicals were generated under biological pH conditions using the Fe(II)-EDTA fenton reaction. To remove the autofluorescence reaction of LB media, a liquid extraction method using ethyl acetate(EA) was applied. A calibration curve with a positive correlation between TPA concentration and HOTP fluorescence intensity was obtained. The LOD value was measured to be 316.85 uM. To confirm the effectiveness of the HOTP screening assay, cross-validation was attempted by quantifying the fluorescence value of HOTP and TPA through HPLC. Under actual reaction conditions(70°C), the PET film was decomposed with His-tag purified LCC_wild-type and mutant-type enzymes. Among the comparative groups, it was confirmed that the quantitative value of TPA through HPLC was also high as the intensity of HOTP fluorescence value increased. This screening assay was named HOTPEA screening.
Second, it was attempted to confirm TPA in vivo through a biosensor using an activator and green fluorescent protein(GFP) on E.coli. As an activator, the hca operon transcriptional activator(HcaR) protein derived from the E.coli K12 genome was selected. Through Gibson assembly, an HcaR_4HBA biosensor using 4-hydroxybenzoic acid(4HBA) as a ligand was constructed. To change the substrate specificity for 4HBA to TPA, the protein tertiary crystal structure of HcaR_4HBA was predicted using homology modeling, and the mutation location for the ligand binding site was selected through docking simulation. Through reaction conditions and strain optimization, a fold change in GFP fluorescence value of about 6 times compared to the control was obtained for 1 mM 4HBA. Although the constructed HcaR_4HBA biosensor was analyzed through FACS, it was confirmed that there was a problem in the expression of GFP and HcaR. In terms of genetic engineering, there was a need to adjust the promoter responsible for hcaR expression. Therefore, using the T7 promoter, HcaR was overexpressed at various IPTG concentrations. In this case, when IPTG was not added, it was confirmed that the soluble expression of HcaR occurred well. Through this, it was confirmed that as the strength of the promoter was weakened and the soluble expression of HcaR increased, it was advantageous for the fluorescence reaction of the biosensor. Therefore, a new biosensor was constructed using the E.coli constitutive promoter with a weaker strength than the T7 promoter. Although the fluorescence response was not better than that of the existing biosensor using the promoter derived from the E.coli K12 genome, the J23100 promoter was used among the constitutive promoters and the best results were obtained. In addition, due to the ease of promoter engineering, as a follow-up study, the need to increase the fluorescence response of the biosensor was confirmed through combination with RBS of various strengths based on the J23100 promoter cassette.
Attempts to develop two activity analysis method and screening system for TPA detection are expected to contribute to eco-friendly PET treatment by helping to study mutations in PET degradation enzymes in the future.