The impervious surface area in Seoul accounts for 54.6% of its total land area, and the increasing flood damage in the city each year highlights its insufficient capacity to manage disasters under climate change conditions. In response, Seoul has init...
The impervious surface area in Seoul accounts for 54.6% of its total land area, and the increasing flood damage in the city each year highlights its insufficient capacity to manage disasters under climate change conditions. In response, Seoul has initiated the "Green Ecological Urban Center Re-creation Strategy" (Mayor's Directive No. 116) to establish green infrastructure capable of mitigating flood impacts during heavy rains. These plans for green infrastructure are most effective when formulated at a metropolitan scale.
Redevelopment promotion zones are designated to improve residential environments, expand infrastructure, and restore urban functionality in deteriorated areas. Unlike other urban regeneration projects, these zones are implemented comprehensively and on a large scale, playing a significant role in increasing urban green space. However, current urban planning often includes declarative rather than concrete disaster management plans reflecting climate change and disaster vulnerability. In environmental assessments for redevelopment promotion plans, green planning as green infrastructure lacks consideration for its location and morphological elements. Therefore, to enhance urban disaster management functions, it is necessary to empirically study whether the green planning in redevelopment promotion zones incorporates disaster vulnerability considerations.
Existing studies on green infrastructure have primarily focused on enhancing resilience, classifying green infrastructure types, and analyzing their relationship with flood damage costs. Previous research on green spaces within redevelopment promotion zones has been limited to issues such as accessibility and service levels. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of park and green space planning in redevelopment promotion projects as an urban disaster management element.
To identify target areas for analysis, redevelopment promotion zones in Seoul with records of flooding were initially selected, focusing on locations requiring disaster management review. Subsequently, detailed investigations of the site plans were conducted, classifying park and green space plans into linear, dispersed, and concentrated types. Three zones—Sillim, Noryangjin, and Hannam Redevelopment Promotion Zones—were chosen as case studies due to their history of changes in park and green space planning.
The analysis examined whether guidelines and standards for park and green space planning were established for the selected zones. Using site conditions, plans before and after modifications, and urban planning facility maps, 3D modeling of terrain and buildings was conducted with Rhino7. Rainwater runoff simulations, using the Kangaroo plugin in Grasshopper, were performed to trace water flow paths, and the frequency and number of building collisions were analyzed.
Key findings are as follows:
The Sillim Redevelopment Promotion Zone transitioned from a dispersed to a linear park and green space type, reducing the green space area by 580 m². The Noryangjin Redevelopment Promotion Zone changed from a linear to a concentrated type, reducing green space by 7,975 m². The Hannam Redevelopment Promotion Zone transitioned from a linear to a dispersed type, with a reduction of 29,191 m².
In the Sillim and Noryangjin zones, park and green space plans were modified based on environmental management plans and rapid integrated planning guidelines. The Hannam zone’s green space planning was influenced by changes in the maximum building heights and architectural plans to accommodate the area's hilly terrain.
In the Sillim and Noryangjin zones, post-modification plans showed reduced rainwater collision frequency and fewer impacted buildings compared to the original plans. Conversely, in the Hannam zone, the original plan demonstrated lower collision frequencies than the modified plan.
This study holds significance as it quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the impact of park and green space planning on urban disaster management in redevelopment promotion projects. Given the comprehensive and metropolitan nature of these projects, their park and green space planning should consider not only the expansion of green areas and leisure spaces but also urban disaster management and climate change factors. Customized plans tailored to each area’s terrain and building layout are essential.
However, the study has limitations, such as focusing on rainwater flow and collisions without considering drainage capacity or soil characteristics. Although the simulations were verified by comparing results for Gangnam Station with urban flood risk maps, predicting exact flood occurrences remains challenging. Additionally, due to a lack of examples in the comprehensive survey, not all combinations of dispersed, linear, and concentrated park and green space types could be analyzed.