조사면담 맥락에서 피해 아동의 폭로를 촉진하는 기법 고찰 = Consideration of Techniques to Promote Disclosure of Child Victims in the Context of an Investigative Interview

국문 초록 (Abstract)

아동은 가정 폭력이나 양육권 분쟁 등 다양한 범죄 사건으로 인해 법정 진술을 요구받는다. 특히, 아동의 진술만이 유일한 증거일 때 피해 사실의 폭로 여부는 사법적 판결에 중요한 사안이 된다. 그러나 여러이유와 정황들로 인해 아동이 피해 사실을 끝내 폭로하지 않거나, 폭로하더라도 사건 발생일로부터 매우 지체된 후 폭로하는 상황들이 발생한다. 따라서 정의로운 판결과 피해 아동의 삶의 안녕을 위해서라도 조사면담 시 아동의 정직한 폭로는 촉구되어야 한다. 현재, 아동의 사실 폭로를 촉진하는 방안으로 진실을 말할 것을 약속하기, 진실-거짓의 의미에 관해 이야기 나누기, 폭로 결과에 대해 안심시켜주기 등이 있다. 본 연구는 이 기법들에 관한 경험적 연구 결과들을 살펴보고 그 외에도 자백으로 추정되는 정보 전달하기, 아동의내외적 기준에 호소하기, 점화 현상 활용하기 기법에 관해서도 살펴보았다. 특히 사회환경적 요인의 영향을적게 받고 사실 폭로에 대한 아동의 심리적 부담을 덜어줄 수 있는 점화 현상 기법에 초점을 두고 설명하였다. 이 문헌 고찰을 토대로 국내에서도 아동의 사실 폭로를 지원하는 방안에 관한 학술 연구의 필요성과 다양한 연령을 대상으로 각 기법의 효과성이 독립적으로 검증될 필요성을 제언하였다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 KA Rasinski, "Using implicit goal priming to improve the quality of self-report data" 41 (41): 321-327, 2005

2 TD Lyon, "Truth induction in young maltreated children : The effects of oath-taking and reassurance on true and false disclosures" 32 (32): 738-748, 2008

3 MC Tye, "The willingness of children to lie and the assessment of credibility in an ecologically relevant laboratory setting" 3 (3): 92-109, 1999

4 EB Rush, "The effects of the putative confession and parent suggestion on children’s disclosure of a minor transgression" 22 (22): 60-73, 2017

5 EC Ahern, "The effects of secret instructions and yes/no questions on maltreated and non?maltreated children’s reports of a minor transgression" 34 (34): 784-802, 2016

6 VA Talwar, "The effects of punishment and appeals for honesty on children’s truth-telling behavior" 130 : 209-217, 2015

7 JA Bargh, "The automated will : Nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals" 81 (81): 1014-1027, 2001

8 La Rooy D, "The NICHD protocol : A review of an internationally-used evidence-based tool for training child forensic interviewers" 1 (1): 76-89, 2015

9 K London, "Review of the contemporary literature on how children report sexual abuse to others : Findings, methodological issues, and implications for forensic interviewers" 16 (16): 29-47, 2008

10 VA Talwar, "Promoting honesty : The influence of stories on children’s lie-telling behaviours and moral understanding" 25 (25): 484-501, 2016

11 AD Evans, "Promising to tell the truth makes 8-to 16-year-olds more honest" 28 (28): 801-811, 2010

12 MT Vinski, "Priming honesty reduces subjective bias in self-report measures of mind wandering" 21 (21): 451-455, 2012

13 A Kesek, "Indirect goal priming is more powerful than explicit instruction in children" 14 (14): 944-948, 2011

14 B Randolph-Seng, "Honesty : One effect of primed religious representations" 17 (17): 303-315, 2007

15 LC Malloy, "Filial dependency and recantation of child sexual abuse allegations" 46 (46): 162-170, 2007

16 LC Malloy, "Expected consequences of disclosure revealed in investigative interviews with suspected victims of child sexual abuse" 15 (15): 8-19, 2011

17 K London, "Examining the efficacy of truth/lie discussions in predicting and increasing the veracity of children’s reports" 83 (83): 131-147, 2002

18 TD Lyon, "Eliciting maltreated and nonmaltreated children’s transgression disclosures : Narrative practice rapport building and a putative confession" 85 : 1756-1769, 2014

19 H Over, "Eighteen-month-old infants show increased helping following priming with affiliation" 20 (20): 1189-1193, 2009

20 Yi M, "Effects of the NICHD Protocol Training on Child Investigative Interview Quality in Korean Police Officers" 31 (31): 155-163, 2016

21 ML Huffman, "Discussing truth and lies in interviews with children:Whether, why, and how?" 3 (3): 6-15, 1999

22 K London, "Disclosure of child sexual abuse: What does the research tell us about the ways that children tell?" 11 (11): 194-226, 2005

23 LC Malloy, "Disclosing adult \wrongdoing : Maltreated and non-maltreated children’s expectations and preferences" 124 (124): 78-96, 2014

24 DW Smith, "Delay in disclosure of childhood rape : Results from a national survey" 24 : 273-287, 2000

25 M Pipe, "Cues and secrets : Influences on children’s event reports" 30 (30): 515-525, 1994

26 TD Lyon, "Coaching, truth induction, and young maltreated children’s false allegations and false denials" 79 (79): 914-929, 2008

27 TD Lyon, "Children’s testimony: A handbook of psychological research and forensic practice" Wiley-Blackwell 69-85, 2011

28 LC Malloy, "Children’s recantation of adult wrongdoing : An experimental investigation" 145 : 11-21, 2016

29 TD Lyon, "Children’s reasoning about disclosing adult transgressions : Effects of maltreatment, child age, and adult identity" 81 (81): 1714-1728, 2010

30 VA Talwar, "Children’s lies and their detection : Implications for child witness testimony" 32 (32): 337-359, 2012

31 VA Talwar, "Children’s lie-telling to conceal a parent’s transgression : Legal implications" 28 (28): 411-435, 2004

32 JJ Haugaard, "Children’s definitions of the truth and their competency as witnesses in legal proceedings" 15 (15): 253-271, 1991

33 VA Talwar, "Children’s conceptual knowledge of lying and its relation to their actual behaviors : Implications for court competence examinations" 26 (26): 395-415, 2002

34 PE Mullen, "Childhood sexual abuse and mental health in adult life" 163 (163): 721-732, 1993

35 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, "Child Maltreatment 2015"

36 H Pashler, "Can the goal of honesty be primed?" 49 (49): 959-964, 2013

37 K Lee, "Can classic moral stories promote honesty in children?" 25 (25): 1630-1636, 2014

38 JA Bargh, "Automaticity of social behavior : Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action" 71 (71): 230-244, 1996

39 JA Bargh, "Automaticity in social-cognitive processes" 16 (16): 593-605, 2012

40 Yi M, "Assessing the Effectiveness of NICHD Protocol Training Focused on Episodic Memory Training and Rapport-Building : a Study of Korean Police Officers" 32 (32): 279-288, 2017