인도네시아의 옥수수 생산 및 생산성 제한 요인 = Maize Production and Constraints to Increasing Productivity in Indonesia

국문 초록 (Abstract)

동남아시아 주요 옥수수 생산국인 인도네시아의 옥수수 생산과 생산성 제한 요인에 대하여 조사·분석한 결과는 다음과같다. 1. 인도네시아는 북위 5°에서 남위 10°사이에 위치하여 연중 열대성 기후를 보이며 건기와 우기의 구별이 뚜렷하다. 2. 옥수수 재배면적은 약 4,000천ha 정도이며 생산량은 2009년 이후로 17,000천톤 이상을 유지하고 있다. 그 가운데 수확면적과 생산량의 약 50%를 Jawa섬이 차지하고 있다. 2014년 단위 면적당 생산성은 4.95ton/ha로 1980년대에 비하여 약 3배 증가하였으나 지역적으로는 2.5 ~ 7.32ton/ha의 변이를 보여 지역 간 차이가 심하다. 3. 생물적 생산성 제한요인은 downy mildew (Peronosclerospora),maydis leaf blights (Helminthosporium spp.), leaf spots (Curvularia spp.), rusts (Puccinia polysora), stalkand ear rots (Fusarium spp., Diplodia spp.), banded leafand sheath blight (BLSB, Rhizoctonia solani) 등의 병과 바구미(Sitophilus spp.), shoot flies (Atherigona spp.), Asiancorn borers (Ostrinia furnacalis), 멸강충(Mythimna spp.),corn ear worm (Helicoverpa spp.) 등의 충이나, 가장 큰 영향을 주는 요인은 downy mildew이다. 4. 비생물적 생산성 제한요인은 토양의 산성화에 따른 척박토양과 관개가 자유롭지 못한 전작 지대의 한발피해 등이며, 경제ㆍ사회적 제한요인으로는 비료, 농약 등 농자재 투입 비용과 hybrid종자 가격 등이다. 5. 인도네시아에 적응하는 품종 개발 시 생산성 제한 요인을 극복하기 위한 주요 타겟 형질은 환경 스트레스 내성으로서, 특히 downy mildew 저항성과 내산성, 내건성이 요구된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Indonesia, which located at between five degree north latitude and ten degree south latitude, have distinct dry and rainy season as tropical climate. After 2009, area of maize cultivation isapproximately 4,000,000 ha, and production of maize is maintained over 17,000,000 ton. Jawa island has possessed about 50% of harvest area and production. In 2014, yield per unit area as 4.95 ton/ha, is 3 times increase compared to 1980’s. However, it shows severe regional difference because productivity variation is 2.5 ~ 7.32ton/ha territorially. Major constraints of maize production in Indonesia are; As biotic stress factors, diseases such as downy mildew (Peronosclerospora), maydis leaf blights (Helminthosporium spp.), leaf spots (Curvularia spp.), rusts (Puccinia polysora), stalk and ear rots (Fusarium spp., Diplodia spp.), and banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB, Rhizoctonia solani), insects such as a genus of weevils (Sitophilus spp.), shoot flies (Atherigona spp.), asian corn borers (Ostrinia furnacalis), armyworm (Mythimna spp.), and corn ear worm (Helicoverpa spp.) are popular. Among them, the most major constraint is downy mildew. As abiotic stress factors, low soil fertility and drought stress is major effect on yield decrease. As business and social factors, major constraints are agro-materials (including fertilizer and pesticide) costs and hybrid seed price. To overcome these constraints during varieties are developed, main target trait is environment stress resistance. Especially, it seems that downy mildew resistance, acid resistance and drought resistance will be improved.

참고문헌 (Reference)

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