This study is a descriptive survey aimed at examining how awareness of biomedical ethics, perception of good death, and critical thinking disposition influence nursing students’ attitudes toward the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment(LST). The ...
This study is a descriptive survey aimed at examining how awareness of biomedical ethics, perception of good death, and critical thinking disposition influence nursing students’ attitudes toward the withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment(LST). The participants included 230 nursing students from two universities in G Metropolitan City who understood the purpose of the study and voluntarily agreed to participate. Data were collected between September 16 and 25, 2024, using a structured self-report questionnaire, with prior approval from the Institutional Review Board of N University.
For the research tools, awareness of biomedical ethics was assessed using a scale developed by Kwon (2003) for nursing and medical students, which was subsequently modified by Je & Park (2020). Perception of good death was evaluated using an instrument designed by Schwartz, Mazor, Rogers, Ma and Reed (2003), which was adapted into a Korean questionnaire. Critical thinking disposition was measured using an instrument developed by Yoon (2004) for nursing students. Lastly, attitude toward withdrawal of LST was assessed using an instrument developed by Park (2000), which was modified and supplemented by Byeon et al. (2003).
The collected data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 29.0, applying descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé’s method, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.
The main findings are as follows:
1. The mean age of the participants was 23.3 years old, and 187 (81.2%) were female. Of the participants, 162 (70.4%) reported holding strong ethical values, 206 (89.6%) had previously taken bioethics-related courses, and 185 (80.4%) had received education in critical thinking or nursing-related courses. Additionally, 174 (75.7%) had experienced a death in their family, 147 (63.9%) had no experience with LST within their family, and 216 (93.9%) believed that the patient or their family should make the decision to withdraw LST. Furthermore, 119 participants (51.7%) had some understanding of death, and 119 (51.7%) expressed an interest in education regarding the withdrawal of LST.
2. The participants’ awareness of biomedical ethics averaged 3.12±0.29 (out of 4), perception of good death averaged 2.97±0.44 (out of 4), critical thinking disposition averaged 3.66±0.41 (out of 5), and attitudes toward withdrawal of LST averaged 3.37±0.43 (out of 5).
3. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in awareness of biomedical ethics based on general characteristics, particularly in relation to interest in education about withdrawal of LST (t=4.00, p=.020). Perception of good death showed statistically significant differences in age (t=-2.99, p=.003), gender (t=2.44, p=.016), grade level (t=3.52, p=.016), and ethical values (t=3.50, p=.016). Critical thinking disposition showed statistically significant differences in ethical values (t=6.47, p<.001) and age (t=-2.05, p=.041). Attitude toward withdrawal of LST showed statistically significant differences in the right to make decisions about the withdrawal of LST (t=6.47, p<.001), ethical values (t=3.51, p=.016), and grade level (t=3.15, p=.026).
4. The relations between the variables of the participants were analyzed and the result showed that attitude toward withdrawal of LST had statistically significant positive correlation with perception of good death (r=.26, p=.013) and awareness of biomedical ethics (r=.24, p=.030). Critical thinking disposition had statistically significant positive correlation with perception of good death (r=.38, p<.001).
5. The variables that had statistical significance on the participants’ attitudes toward withdrawing LST were the right to make decisions about the withdrawal of LST (β=.32, p=.001), grade level (β=.17, p=.018), perception of good death (β=.14, p=.031), and awareness of bioethics (β=.13, p=.037), accounting for an explanatory power of 16.9% (F=6.33, p<.001).
The findings above suggest that the factors impacting nursing students’ attitudes toward withdrawal of LST include the right to make decisions about the withdrawal of LST, grade level, perception of good death, and awareness of biomedical ethics. Further studies are necessary to develop educational programs aimed at enhancing perception of good death and awareness of biomedical ethics, in addition to exploring various influencing factors to promote positive attitude toward the withdrawal of LST among nursing students.