조선후기 의원의 존재 양태 = Medical Practitioners in Korea from the Late Seventeenth to the Nineteenth Centuries

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this paper I analyze the lives of different medical practitioners from the late 17th century to the 19th century. During the period a rapid development in private sector was made and commoners began to use more "naturalistic" medicine than before, which historians often call "medicalization of Korea." But, how many medical practitioners were in Korea during the period? How much were they specialized? How did these medical practitioners were trained? What kinds of medical textbooks were employed? Were there any serious competition between these medical practitioners and other healing practitioners such as shamans and fortune-tellers? Did people trust or distrust medical practitioners? What was their medical ethics?I also analyze the cause of the "medicalization," and will suggest three factors that had influenced on it. First, there was a big change of method of collecting tax: people now paid tax with rice or textile only. It accelerated the process of making medical drugs as commercial commodity and created special market for drugs. Second, the movement of organizing fraternity for medical expense was accelerated from the 17th century along with the rapid economic development. Third, neo-Confucianism, which gave strong influence on every sector of the society during the period, emphasized the use of naturalistic medicine instead superstitious healing. It achieved a great success in rural area.