A Comparative Study on English Nasal Duration between Native English Speakers and Korean Learners of English

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper compares the acoustic durations of English nasals produced by English and Korean speakers. The comparison revealed the effects of the position within a word, the place of articulation, and stress on the acoustic duration of English nasals in the data from both native speakers of English and Korean learners of English. Notably, English nasals produced by the Korean subjects were not influenced in duration by word-length while those by native English speakers were affected in all three positions: the shorter the word, the longer the nasals. English nasals produced by English subjects showed greater durational variation due to the position of the stress than those produced by Korean subjects. The word-intial nasals produced by English subjects were longer than the word-medial nasals while the word-initial nasals by Korean subjects were shorter than or as long as the word-medial ones.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이상도, "공기역학자료를 이용한 한국어와 영어 비음에 대한 음성학적 연구" 새한영어영문학회 49 (49): 85-100, 2007

2 Lagefoged, Peter, "Vowels and Consonants: An Introduction to the Sounds of Languages" Blackwell Publishers 2001

3 Flege, James E, "The Production of “New” and “Similar” Phones in a Foreign Language: Evidence for the Effect of Equivalence Classification" 15 : 47-65, 1987

4 Sohn, Ho-Min, "The Korean Language" Cambridge University Press 1999

5 Ji, M. J, "The Duration of Sounds(In Korean)" 3 : 39-57, 1993

6 Flege, James E., "Speech Perception and Linguistic Experience: Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Cross-Language Speech Research" York Presss 233-277, 1995

7 Cho, M. H., "Rhythm Typology of Korean Speech" 5 : 249-253, 2004

8 Laver, John, "Principles of Phonetics" Cambridge University Press 1994

9 Yoshida, Kenji, "Phonetic Implementation of Korean “Denasalization” and Its Variation Related to Prosody" IULC 2008

10 Maddieson, Ian, "Patterns of Sounds. Cambridge Studies in Speech Science and Communication" Cambridge University Press 1984

11 Ohala, John, "Nasals, Nasalization and the Velum" Academic Press 225-249, 1993

12 Ohala, John, "Nasalfest: Papers from a Symposium on Nasals and Nasalization" Language Universals Project 289-316, 1975

13 Chen, M, "Nasalfest: Papers from a Symposium on Nasals and Nasalization" Stanford University Linguistics Dept 125-131, 1975

14 Weinrich, U., "Languages in Contact: Findings and Problems" Mouton 1968

15 Eckman, Fred, "From Phonemic Differences to Constraint Rankings: Research on Second Language Phonology" Oxford University 26 (26): 513-549, 2004

16 Hayward, Katrina, "Experimental Phonetics" Pearson Education 2000

17 Seong, C. J., "Experimental Phonetic Study of Korean Speech Rhythm" Seoul National University 1995

18 Ohala, John, "Emergent Stops" Phonetic Society of Korea 1997

19 Abercrombie, D., "Elements of General Phonetics" Edinburgh University Press 1967

20 Han, M. S., "Duration of Korean vowels. Studies in the Phonology of Asian Languages II" University of Southern California 1964

21 Schmidt, Anna Marie, "Cross-language Identification of Consonants. Part 1. Korean Perception of English" 99 (99): 3201-3211, 1995

22 Shoup, June E, "Contemporary Issues in Experimental Phonetics" Elsevier Inc 171-224, 1976

23 Umeda, N., "Consonant Durations in American English" 61 : 846-858, 1977

24 Edwards, Harold T., "Applied Phonetics: The Sounds of American English" Thomson Delmar Learning 2003

25 Fujimura O, "Analysis of Nasal Consonants" 34 (34): 1865-1875, 1962

26 Kim, Young Shin., "An Acoustic, Aerodynamic and Perceptual Investigation of Word-initial Denasalization in Korean" University of College London 2011

27 안미진, "Acoustic duration of Korean nasals" 한국음운론학회 19 (19): 411-431, 2013

28 Kurowski, Kathleen, "Acoustic Properties for the Perception of Nasal Consonants" 197-224, 1993

29 Stevens, Kenneth N., "Acoustic Phonetics" The MIT Press 1997

30 Catford, J. C., "A Linguistic Theory of Translation" Oxford University Press 1965