조선후기 東萊府와 倭館의 의사소통 = 兩譯 관련「實務文書」를 중심으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 임진왜란 이후 새로 정비된 통교체제 하에서 동래부와 왜관의 의사소통 형태를 조선측 실무자라 할 수 있는 兩譯이 왜관에 전달한 「실무문서」(「傳令」 및 「覺」)를 통해서 검토한 것이다. 검토 결과는 다음과 같다.
임진왜란 이후에는 왜관에 대한 고립 정책 하에서 동래부가 대일본 교섭창구 역할을 했는데, 이때 公的인 의사소통 경로란 실무자인 조선측 역관(兩譯)이 동래부사의 사자 격으로 왜관에 출입하면서 口頭와 文書 전달을 통해 간접적으로 조선측의 의사를 전하는 식이었다. 간접적인 의사소통형태는 역관이 왜관에 전달하는 「傳令」 문서에도 그대로 반영되어 동래부에서 발급은 하지만 역관이 수령해서 그 취지를 왜관에 전달하는 문서형식이었음을 밝혔다.
그런데 동래부를 창구로 하지만 간접화법을 기본으로 하는 공적 의사소통방법은, 대마번의 입장에서 봤을 때 그들의 외교상대라 할 수 있는 조선정부의 의도를 정확하고 신속하게 파악할 수 없다는 한계가 있었다. 따라서 대마번으로서는 역관을 통한 또 하나의 교섭경로, 즉 私的인 교섭 경로의 확보가 필수불가결할 수밖에 없었음을 역관들이 왜관측에 발급해준 「覺」 문서를 통해서 밝혔다.
이러한 公?私적인 의사소통과정에서 발생한 「傳令」 및 「覺」과 같은 「실무문서」들은 조선의 행정문서 양식을 취했거나 개인 명의로 발급한

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This thesis is focused on the communication between Tongnae-bu and Japanese Settlements (Waegwan) commenced with the diplomatic relationship reestablished between Chos?n and Japan after the Imjin Wars (1592-1598). The study of the communication between the two was carried out by researching working level documents classified as “Written Message” (ch?lly?ng, 傳令) or “Note” (kak, 覺) sent to Japanese Settlements by Chos?n’s government functionaries (Yangy?k, 兩譯) responsible for interpretation and translation. Discoveries from the research are as follows.
First, the Chos?n’s policy to isolate Japanese Settlements in her territory after the Imjin Wars led Tongnae-bu to remain as the only diplomatic channel linking Chos?n and Japan. The official communication between the two was conducted by interpreters who were hired as a messenger of the Governor of Tongnae-bu and sent to the Japanese Settlements whenever the Chos?n government needed to deliver an oral or written message to Japanese settlers. Interestingly, the administration of Tongnae-bu tried to maintain the communication an indirect form by stating on the documents that while they were issued by the local administration of Tongnae-bu they were not intented to be delivered as they were but to be interpreted by individual interpreters who were to deliver the purport of the message.
For the feudal lords of Tsushima-han in Japanese at the time the indirect way of communication was not an ideal situation regarding their needs to promptly and correctly understand the intent of the Chos?n court. This led, as the documents (kak, 覺) issued by the Chos?n interpreters show, the Tsushima leaders to establish another, private, diplomatic channel to link the two.
Meanwhile, the documents issued under the titles such as “ch?lly?ng” or “kak” were not official diplomatic documents that were intended to link the central governments of Chos?n and Japan although they took the form of the official administrative documents of the Chos?n dynasty because they were in fact issued privately and delivered to Japanese Settlements just for reference. Despite that, the feudal lords of Tsushima regarded the documents as Chos?n’s official responses and actively used them in dealing with the issues related with both parties. For the Chos?n rulers, the documents were regarded as a useful expedient to handle current matters that could develop into complicated diplomatic issues without issuing official documents involving official diplomatic responsibilities.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 【국문초록】
• 1. 머리말
• 2. 임란 이후 통교체제와 대일외교창구로서의 동래부
• 3. 동래부와 왜관의 公的 의사소통과 양역(兩譯)
• 4. 양역 명의의 문서와 私的 의사소통
• 5.「실무문서」의 유통과 왜관·대마번
• 6. 맺음말
• 【ABSTRACT】