Social and cognitive skills : sex roles and children's play

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Contributors = xi
• Preface = xiii
• 1. Introduction : The Influences of Environmental Factors on Sex Differences in Children's Play / Claire Etaugh
• Introduction = 1
• Adult Sex Differences = 2
• Early Sex Differences in Play Activities and Preferences = 5
• Theories of Sex ­ Role Development = 6
• Environmental Factors Contributing to Early Sex Differences in Play Preferences = 7
• Possible Relationships between Sex Differences in Children's Play and Adult Sex Differences in Cognitive and Social Behaviors = 12
• Conclusion = 14
• Reference Notes = 15
• References = 15
• 2. Sex Differences : The Evidence from Biology / Michele Harway ; Lynda Towle Moss
• Animal Studies = 22
• Cross ­ Cultural Studies = 24
• Perinatal Hormonal Studies = 26
• Infant Sex Differences = 29
• Research on Sex Hormones = 32
• Studies on the Relationship between Life Events and Bodily Changes = 34
• Children's Play Activities as an Alternative or Supplemental Explanation for Sex Differences = 38
• Summary = 39
• Reference Notes = 40
• References = 40
• 3. Sex ­ Typed Toy Choices : What Do They Signify? / Nancy Eisenberg
• Introduction = 45
• Components of Sex Role = 46
• Toy ­ Related Assessment Techniques = 47
• Theoretical Interpretations of Toy Choices = 56
• Summary = 64
• Reference Notes = 65
• References = 66
• 4. Forms and Functions of Social Fantasy Play in Preschoolers / Jennifer Connolly ; Anna ­ Beth Doyle ; Flavia Ceschin
• Introduction = 71
• Developmental Study of Social Fantasy Play in Boys and Girls = 75
• Relations between Qualitative Measures and Social Competence = 81
• Summary and Conclusions = 88
• Reference Notes = 90
• References = 90
• 5. Play Styles in Early Childhood : Social Consequences for Boys and Girls / Beverly I. Fagot ; mary Driver Leinbach
• Introduction = 93
• The Literature on Social Participation = 95
• The Literature on Social Consequences = 97
• The Social Play Project = 100
• Findings on Social Participation = 101
• Play Styles and Their Social Consequence = 104
• Effectiveness of Peer and Teacher Responses = 110
• Relationship of Play Style to Cooperation = 111
• Summary : Implications and New Directions = 112
• Reference Notes = 115
• References = 115
• 6. Activity Structure and Play : Implications for Socialization / G. Jan Carpenter
• Introduction : Conceptual Research Model = 117
• Source of Structure = 125
• Impact of Structure = 128
• Empirical Data = 130
• Implications for Socialization = 137
• Summary = 142
• Reference Notes = 142
• References = 143
• 7. Learning Gender ­ Related Skills through Play / Marsha B. Liss
• Introduction = 147
• Myths and Stereotypes = 148
• Bias and Interpretation = 151
• Theoretical Perspectives = 152
• Obhectives = 154
• Observations of Children at Play = 155
• The Question of Verbalizations = 158
• The Meaing of Sex Differences in Play = 162
• Summary = 164
• Reference Notes = 164
• References = 165
• 8. Sex­Differentiated Play : Congnitive consequences and Early Interventions / Garol Sprafkin ; Lisa A. Serbin ; Carol Denier ; Jane M. Connor
• Cognitive and Behavioral Diferences between the Sexes = 168
• Differential Treatment of the Sexes = 169
• The Relationship between Sex ­ Differentiated Styles of Play and Sex Diferences in Cognitive Abilities = 171
• An Attempt to Train Visual ­ Spatial Skills through Increased Exposure to Male­Preferred Toys = 176
• Limitations of Training Specific Skills = 179
• Reinforcement of Cross ­ Sex Play : An Attempt at a More Comprehensive Early Intervention Program = 182
• Summary and Conclusions = 188
• Reference Notes = 189
• References = 190
• 9. The Preschool Classroom and Sex Differnces in Children's Play / James E. Johnson ; Jaipaul L. Roopnarine
• Introduction = 193
• Familial Influences = 193
• Preschoolers = 195
• The Preschool Classroom = 201
• A Note on Research and Applied Problems = 211
• Summary = 213
• References Notes = 214
• References = 215
• 10. Patterns of Sex Typing in an Open School / Barbara Dunbar Bianchi ; Roger Bakeman
• Introduction = 219
• Method = 222
• Results = 226
• Discussion = 229
• Reference Notes = 232
• References = 232
• 11. Sex ­ Role Socialization : Looking Back and Looking Ahead / Beverly Birns ; Sarah Hall Sternglanz
• A Brief History of Biological Determinism = 235
• Source and Evolution of Environmental Approaches = 237
• Recent Developments = 239
• Chapter Summaries = 240
• Conclusions = 246
• Looking Ahead = 247
• Reference Notes = 250
• References = 250
• Author Index = 253
• Subject Index = 263