다양한 비정상적인 신체 조성의 표현형들: 근육, 지방 및 뼈의상호작용 = Diverse Abnormal Body Composition Phenotypes: Interaction Between Muscle, Fat, and Bone

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Sarcopenia, obesity, and osteoporosis, the three disorders of body composition, are growing in prevalence. Osteoporosis and obesity werethought to be mutually exclusive conditions, as were sarcopenia and obesity. However, these disorders are commonly observed in the aging processand recent studies have indicated a potential interconnection among them with interaction between muscle, bone, and fat. Therefore, itwould not be appropriate to discuss sarcopenia, obesity, and osteoporosis without bearing in mind the complex interactions of muscle, fat, andbone tissue. Due to the complicated interaction among them, the phenotypes have been given various names depending on the proposed causeor the combination of sarcopenia, obesity and osteoporosis. Therefore, we introduce new terms concerning the diverse phenotypes of bodycomposition. In addition, this paper describes the interaction between muscle, fat and bone from a hormonal aspect and in terms of the wholebody. Unraveling the link between muscle, fat, and bone at both the micro and macro level will elucidate the reasons for abnormal body compositionphenotypes, and further enhance new therapeutic options for sarcopenia, obesity, and osteoporosis.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

근감소증, 골다공증 및 비만은 인구의 노령화와 더불어 유병률이계속적으로 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 이들 질환들은 노인 인구의 신체기능의 감소 및 장애뿐만 아니라 사망률 증가에도 중대한 영향을미치고 있다. 오랫동안 골다공증과 비만은 상호 배타적인 관계로 여겨져 왔다. 마찬가지로 근육량과 지방량도 서로 양의 상관관계가 있으므로 비만 환자에서 근감소증이 발생하는 경우는 드물 것으로 제시되어 왔다. 그러나, 근감소증, 골다공증 및 비만은 일반적으로 노화과정에서 자주 같이 관찰되며, 최근의 연구는 근육, 뼈 및 지방 간의상호작용으로 이 질환들이 상당한 연관성이 있음을 보여주고 있다.
이 질환들의 다양한 요인들과 각 질환들의 여러 조합으로 나타나는다양한 표현형들로 인해 새로운 용어들이 등장하고 있으나 아직 많은 연구자들에게는 생소하게 여겨지는 용어들이 많다. 이들 새로운용어들을 정리하는 것은 신체조성 변화에 따르는 문제들을 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 그 동안 많은 생체 내외 연구들을 통해 신체조성의 각 조직들이 내분비계 기관으로서의 역할을 한다는 것을 알게 되었고, 각 조직들 간에는 활발한 교류가 이루어짐을확인할 수 있었다. 앞으로 근육, 뼈, 지방 사이의 복잡한 관계를 밝히기 위해서는 각 조직에서 나오는 인자들이 다른 조직의 여러 세포와이화/동화 과정에 어떠한 경로로 영향을 주는지에 대한 추가적인 규명이 더 필요할 것이다. 이러한 상호관계가 미시적에서부터 거시적 수준까지 밝혀지게 되면, 근감소증, 골다공증, 비만과 같은 비정상적인신체조성 표현형들에 대한 예방 및 치료법 개발에도 많은 기여를 할것으로 생각된다.

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