근대 지구적 국제질서의 사회구성적 형성: 문명표준론을 중심으로 = Social Formation of the Modern Global International Order: Focusing on the Standard of Civilization Theory

국문 초록 (Abstract)

근대 지구적 국제질서의 형성원리는 무엇인가? 기존 이론은 이질적인 무정부와 위계가 공존하는 근대 지구적 국제질서 형성에 있어, 군사, 경제 등 물리적 차원의 힘의 원리와 규범적 차원의 주권 규범 원리의 작용 만을 중시하였다. 이에 대한 문제의식에서, 이 글은 공의 문명표준론과 이의 수정주의적 논의를 통해 근대 지구적 국제질서에 주요하게 작용한 사회구성적 차원의 형성원리로서 문명표준을 재고한다. 대부분 문명표준은 근대 국제법의 주요한 요소이자 유럽 제국주의와 식민 주의를 정당화하는 수단으로 강조되었다. 하지만 문명표준은 유럽이 비유럽 세계와 마주하게 되자 벌인 인류와 국제사회의 범위와 정의에 대한 논쟁으로부터 등장하여 유럽 국제사회 밖의 세계이자 비유럽 세계를 성층화하여 조직하는 형성원리로 작용하였다. 무정부적 평등한 주권 질서와 위계질서가 공존하고 무정부 질서 내의 위계와 제국적 위계가 혼종하는 다중적 위계 형태의 근대 지구적 국제질서 형성에 긴요하게 작용하였다.

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